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. 2023 Apr 6:14:1139331.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1139331. eCollection 2023.

Genetics and epigenetics of Pinus nigra populations with differential exposure to air pollution

Elissavet Ch Katsidi  1 , Evangelia V Avramidou  1 , Ioannis Ganopoulos  1 , Evangelos Barbas  1 , Andreas Doulis  2 , Athanasios Triantafyllou  3 , Filippos A Aravanopoulos  1
Affiliations

Genetics and epigenetics of Pinus nigra populations with differential exposure to air pollution

Elissavet Ch Katsidi et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Forest species in the course of their evolution have experienced several environmental challenges, which since historic times include anthropogenic pollution. The effects of pollution on the genetic and epigenetic diversity in black pine (Pinus nigra) forests were investigated in the Amyntaio - Ptolemais - Kozani Basin, which has been for decades the largest lignite mining and burning center of Greece, with a total installed generating capacity of about 4.5 GW, operating for more than 70 years and resulting in large amounts of primary air pollutant emissions, mainly SO2, NOx and PM10. P. nigra, a biomarker for air pollution and a keystone species of affected natural ecosystems, was examined in terms of phenology (cone and seed parameters), genetics (283 AFLP loci) and epigenetics (606 MSAP epiloci), using two populations (exposed to pollution and control) of the current (mature trees) and future (embryos) stand. It was found that cone, seed, as well as genetic diversity parameters, did not show statistically significant differences between the exposed population and the control. Nevertheless, statistically significant differences were detected at the population epigenetic level. Moreover, there was a further differentiation regarding the intergenerational comparison: while the epigenetic diversity does not substantially change in the two generations assessed in the control population, epigenetic diversity is significantly higher in the embryo population compared to the parental stand in the exposed population. This study sheds a light to genome dynamics in a forest tree population exposed to long term atmospheric pollution burden and stresses the importance of assessing both genetics and epigenetics in biomonitoring applications.

Keywords: AFLP; MSAP; Pinus nigra; air pollution; reproductive traits.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial of financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mean annual PM10 concentrations, Mean annual SO2 concentrations, Total SO2 wet deposition flux, Total NOx dry deposition flux, based on the prognostic air pollution model (TAPM) in the in the Amyntaio-Ptolemaida-Kozani basin (APKB), region of Western Macedonia, Greece.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Percentage of polymorphic n-, h- and m-subepiloci in the exposed (Mpourika) and control (Agia Kyriaki) populations for the mature (needle tissue) and future (embryo tissue) stands.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Principal coordinate analysis (PcoA) of genetic distances based on AFLP analysis of needle tissue in the exposed (Mpourika) and the control (Ag. Kyriaki) populations.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Principal coordinate analysis (PcoA) of epigenetic distances based on MSAP analysis, of needle tissue, in the exposed (Mpourika) and the control (Ag. Kyriaki) populations.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Principal coordinate analysis (PcoA) of epigenetic distances based on MSAP analyses of embryo tissue, in the exposed (Mpourika) and the control (Ag. Kyriaki) populations.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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