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. 2023 Apr 11;9(4):FSO855.
doi: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0035. eCollection 2023 Apr.

GC-MS based metabolite profiling, antioxidant and antiurolithiatic properties of apple cider vinegar

Ankul S Singh  1 , Anuragh Singh  1 , Chitra Vellapandian  1 , Radhika Ramaswamy  1 , Margesan Thirumal  2
Affiliations

GC-MS based metabolite profiling, antioxidant and antiurolithiatic properties of apple cider vinegar

Ankul S Singh et al. Future Sci OA. .

Abstract

Aim: To perform in vitro analysis of antioxidant and antiurolithiasis to carry out GC-MS-based metabolite profile.

Materials & methods: The effect of apple cider vinegar (ACV) in vitro, antioxidant and GC-MS analysis was evaluated. The antioxidant studies were performed. In vitro techniques included nucleation, aggregation and growth assay.

Results & conclusion: The presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and carbohydrates was shown. Concentrations from 5-30 μg/ml could dissolve calcium oxalate (p < 0.05) in vitro. The IC50 value of ACV in DPPH was found to be around 7 μg/ml and the IC50 value of the ACV in ABTS assay was around 9 μg/ml. Different phytocompounds were obtained from GC-MS analysis. ACV can be consumed to prevent kidney stones which seems helpful to the current therapy.

Keywords: DPPH; antioxidant; antiurolithiatic; apple cider vinegar; phytochemical constituents.

Plain language summary

Due to the modern lifestyle, urolithiasis continues to be a global medical burden and is getting worse every day and seems to have a very high recurrence rate. Urolithiasis can be managed with the pharmacotherapy of drugs and the usage of medicinal plants and nutraceuticals. The effect of apple juice products on urine physiology has been studied profoundly. The product thus obtained was examined for antioxidant assay using DPPH and in vitro antiurolithiasis activity. Apple cider vinegar (ACV) exhibited dose-dependent radical scavenging activity against free radicals. The ACV demonstrated a substantial suppression of the DPPH radical in the DPPH assay. ACV could be a potential source of a natural antioxidant drink based on in vitro, phytochemical and GC–MS analysis which was noteworthy and thus can be used as a therapeutic agent against bladder stones.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of apple cider vinegar.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. ABTS assay of apple cider vinegar.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Nucleation assay of apple cider vinegar.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. Aggregation assay of apple cider vinegar.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.. Growth assay of apple cider vinegar.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.. Chromatogram of compounds elucidated from apple cider vinegar using GC–MS analysis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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