Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Apr 5;8(15):13876-13883.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00283. eCollection 2023 Apr 18.

Effect of Annealing on Graphene/PVDF Nanocomposites

Victor K Samoei  1 , Surendra Maharjan  1 , Keiichiro Sano  2 , Ahalapitiya H Jayatissa  1
Affiliations

Effect of Annealing on Graphene/PVDF Nanocomposites

Victor K Samoei et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

In this study, the process for tuning the electrical properties of graphene/polyvinylidene fluoride (Gr/PVDF) nanocomposite films by a thermal annealing process is explored. The surface morphology and microstructure of the nanocomposite were characterized. The effect of temperature on the electrical conductivity was investigated by heating and cooling the sample from the room temperature up to 150 °C. The effect of annealing on the electrical conductivity was recorded as a function of annealing temperature. A Hall effect measurement was conducted as a function of annealing temperatures to obtain Hall voltage (V H), carrier mobility (μH), carrier concentration (n H), Hall coefficient (R H), resistivity, and carrier conductivity type (n or p). It was found that the films annealed at 150 °C exhibited the best electrical conductivity of Gr/PVDF films. This study may provide an insight into the development and utilization of Gr/PVDF films in future electronics and the potential applications in various sectors such as aerospace, automotive, and biomedical industries.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic of the preparation of Gr/PVDF composite films.
Figure 2
Figure 2
XRD patterns of the Gr/PVDF composite.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM images of Gr/PVDF nanocomposites. Scale bar indicates 500 nm (from left to right: not annealed sample, 100 °C annealed sample, and 300 °C annealed sample).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Optical images of nanocomposites for different annealed temperatures at the magnification of 400× (from left to right: not annealed sample, 100 °C annealed sample, and 300 °C annealed sample).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Raman spectra of the Gr/PVDF nanocomposites. Upper figure gives the spectra of annealed films at 150, 200, and 300 °C with unannealed films. Lower three figures (from left to right) indicate the ratios of intensity of D-band/G-band, D-band/2D-band, and 2D-band/G-band as a function of annealing condition. For lower three figures, the X-axis indicates: 1-unannealed; 2–150 °C annealed, 3–200 °C annealed, and 4–300 °C annealed samples.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Resistivity of Gr/PVDF as a function of temperature before annealing and after annealing. Since these samples represent different samples before and after annealing, in the comparison, the resistivities of each sample before annealing and after annealing are shown.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Change of conductivity in Gr/PVDF films with different annealing temperatures (right side gives (σannealed – σunannealed)/σunannealed) × 100%, and left side gives (σannealed – σunannealed).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Arrhenius plots of resistance (R) versus reciprocal of temperature (1/K) for Gr/PVDF composites annealed at different temperatures.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Carrier concentration and Hall mobility of Gr/PVDF with annealing temperature.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Geim A. K.; Novoselov K. S. The rise of graphene. Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 183–191. 10.1038/nmat1849. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Chung D. D. L. Review Graphite. J. Mater. Sci. 2002, 37, 1475–1489. 10.1023/a:1014915307738. - DOI
    1. Novoselov K. S.; Jiang D.; Schedin F.; Booth T. J.; Khotkevich V. V.; Morozov S. V.; Geim A. K. Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2005, 102, 10451–10453. 10.1073/pnas.0502848102. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Meyer J. C.; Geim A. K.; Katsnelson M. I.; Novoselov K. S.; Booth T. J.; Roth S. The structure of suspended graphene sheets. Nature 2007, 446, 60–63. 10.1038/nature05545. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Bolotin K. I.; Sikes K. J.; Jiang Z.; Klima M.; Fudenberg G.; Hone J.; Kim P.; Stormer H. Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene. Solid state communications 2008, 146, 351–355. 10.1016/j.ssc.2008.02.024. - DOI