Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases, predisposing risk factors, and implications of international travel: a call for action for increasing vigilance and imposing restrictions under the current threats of recently emerging multiple Omicron subvariants

Oroshay Kaiwan^{1

2}, Yashendra Sethi^{1

3}, Nimrat Khehra⁴, Inderbir Padda⁵, Hitesh Chopra⁶, Deepak Chandran⁷, Kuldeep Dhama⁸, Chiranjib Chakraborty⁹, Md Aminul Islam^{10

11}, Nirja Kaka^{1

12}

Affiliations

¹ PearResearch, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
² Northeast Ohio Medical University, Ohio, USA.
³ Government Doon Medical College, HNB Uttarakhand Medical Education University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
⁴ Saint James School of Medicine, Arnos Vale, St Vincent & the Grenadines.
⁵ Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, New York.
⁶ Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
⁷ Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa, Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
⁸ Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal.
⁹ Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh.
¹⁰ COVID-19 Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali.
¹¹ Advanced Molecular Lab, Department of Microbiology, President Abdul Hamid Medical College, Karimganj, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh.
¹² GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar, Gujarat, India.

Oroshay Kaiwan et al. Int J Surg. 2023.

. 2023 Mar 1;109(3):589-591.

doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000176.

¹ PearResearch, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
² Northeast Ohio Medical University, Ohio, USA.
³ Government Doon Medical College, HNB Uttarakhand Medical Education University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
⁴ Saint James School of Medicine, Arnos Vale, St Vincent & the Grenadines.
⁵ Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, New York.
⁶ Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
⁷ Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa, Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
⁸ Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal.
⁹ Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh.
¹⁰ COVID-19 Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali.
¹¹ Advanced Molecular Lab, Department of Microbiology, President Abdul Hamid Medical College, Karimganj, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh.
¹² GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar, Gujarat, India.

No abstract available

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no financial conflict of interest with regard to the content of this report.

Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article.

1. Dhama K, Nainu F, Frediansyah A, et al. Global emerging Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: Impacts, challenges and strategies. J Infect Public Health 2023;16:4–14. - PMC - PubMed
1. Qu P, Evans JP, Faraone JN, et al. Enhanced neutralization resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, and BA.2.75.2. Cell Host Microbe 2023;31:9–17.e3. - PMC - PubMed
1. Bolze A, Basler T, White S, et al. Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron co-infections and recombination. Med (N Y). 2022;3:848–59.e4. - PMC - PubMed
1. Wong C. Subvariant ‘soup’ may drive wave. New Sci 2022;256:11. - PMC - PubMed
1. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-new... Coronavirus BF.7 variant symptoms | Coronavirus BF.7 variant dominant in China: Key points on transmission rate, symptoms, (n.d.). Accessed 26 December 2022.