Identification of long non-coding RNA-mRNA interactions and genome-wide lncRNA annotation in animal transcriptome profiling

Abstract

Protein-translated mRNA analysis has been extensively used to determine the function of various traits in animals. The non-coding RNA (ncRNA), which was known to be non-functional because it was not encoded as a protein, was re-examined as it was studied to actually function. One of the ncRNAs, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), is known to have a function of regulating mRNA expression, and its importance is emerging. Therefore, lncRNAs are currently being used to understand the traits of various animals as well as human diseases. However, studies on lncRNA annotation and its functions are still lacking in most animals except humans and mice. lncRNAs have unique characteristics of lncRNAs and interact with mRNA through various mechanisms. In order to make lncRNA annotations in animals in the future, it is essential to understand the characteristics of lncRNAs and the mechanisms by which lncRNAs function. In addition, this will allow lncRNAs to be used for a wider variety of traits in a wider range of animals, and it is expected that integrated analysis using other biological information will be possible.

Keywords: Animal traits; Lnc-RNA function; LncRNA; LncRNA annotation; LncRNA-mRNA interaction.

Fig. 1.. A schematic diagram of RNA classification.

Fig. 2.. Locations where lncRNA can exist in the genome.

LncRNAs present in intergenic regions are called lincRNA. PCG, protein-coding gene; lncRNA, long non-coding RNA; lincRNA, long intergenic non-coding RNA.

Fig. 3.. Two mechanisms by which lncRNAs affect PCG expression.

(A) LncRNA activates or represses the expression of PCG in the cis-acting condition. A representative method for PCG regulation of cis-acting lncRNAs is to affect enhancers. (B) LncRNA activates or represses the expression of pcg in the trans-acting condition. A representative method for pcg regulation of trans-acting lncRNAs is to affect RBPs. lncRNA, long non-coding RNA; PCG, protein-coding gene; RBP, RNA-binding proteins.