Microscopical comparison of cotton, corn, and soybean dusts

Abstract

Specialized analytical methods are required for identification of components of agricultural dusts such as those generated in harvesting, transportation, storage, and processing of cotton, corn, and soybeans. The larger particles and trash components of the dusts can often be identified visually or with the aid of an optical microscope (OM). The respirable portion of the dust, that which causes lung dysfunction, retains few structural features for identification. Electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis, together with special optical microscopical techniques, can be used to characterize these microdusts. Combination studies with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of cotton dusts have shown the presence of mineralogical particles probably of a soil origin and materials that can be associated with plant parts. Even in screened and filtered cotton dusts, fibrillar fragments are usually present due to their ability to penetrate openings the size of their diameters. The corn and soybean dusts studied were different from the cotton dust in that the large fibrillar component of the cotton dust was absent in the screened grain dusts. However, these dusts consisted of structurally unrecognizable particles that appeared similar to those found in cotton dust. In addition they contained many spheroid particles identified as starch. Dusts from all three sources were found to agglomerate into larger particles, some of which were still less than 10 micron. This agglomeration could confuse the instrumental measurement of dust particle size.