The effectiveness of HPV vaccination on the incidence of oropharyngeal cancers in men: a review

Abstract

Background: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) contributes to the development of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) and is currently the leading cause of OPC in the Western world. There have been limited studies examining the effect of HPV-vaccination on OPC incidence in men. This review aims to interrogate relationship linking HPV-vaccination and OPC in men, to potentially recommend pangender HPV-vaccination, to reduce the incidence of HPV associated OPC.

Main body: A review was carried out using Ovid Medline, Scopus and Embase databases, on 22nd October 2021 investigating the effect of HPV-vaccination on OPC prevalence in men and including studies with vaccination data pertaining to men in the past 5 years, while excluding those studies without appropriate oral HPV-positivity data and non-systematic reviews. Studies were evaluated as per the PRISMA guidelines and ranked using risk of bias tools including RoB-2, ROBINS-1 and the NIH quality assessment tools. 7 studies were included ranging from original research to systematic review articles. All studies were published in English from 2017 to 2021. Overall, these suggested that HPV-vaccination reduced levels of oral HPV positivity in men. This was thought to be indicative of a reduced risk of development of HPV-associated OPC. A limitation of this study was the inability to conduct meta-analysis due to the heterogeneity of included studies. We noted a significant impact on the reduction of HPV positivity post HPV-vaccination and a potential contribution to reducing the future incidence of OPC.

Conclusion: This review makes a strong case for pangender HPV-vaccination in combatting OPC in men.

Keywords: Boys; HPV; Head and neck cancer; Male; Oropharyngeal cancer; Pangender HPV vaccination; Review; Vaccination; Vaccine.

Fig. 1

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement [22]

Fig. 2

Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2 assessing the MacCosham et al. paper (RoB-2) for the five risk of bias domains [20, 26]

Fig. 3

ROBINS-1 tool for assessing the Tsentemeidou et al., Nielsen et al., Chaturvedi et al., Jamieson et al., Katz et al., and Parker et al. for the seven risk of bias domains [, –25, 27, 28]