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. 2023 Apr 5;9(4):e15229.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15229. eCollection 2023 Apr.

A facile room temperature method to recycle Cd from CdS

Huazhang Feng  1 , Tingting Xu  1 , Yuanmin Zhu  2 , Yanping Chen  1 , Jingyun Su  1 , Enna Ha  3 , Ran Jia  4 , Kan Zhang  5 , Lei Ma  1 , Luyang Wang  1
Affiliations

A facile room temperature method to recycle Cd from CdS

Huazhang Feng et al. Heliyon. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Cadmium-based semiconductors have a wide range of applications in light-emitting, energy conversion, photodetection and artificial photosynthesis. With the concern about the potential toxicity of Cd, it is necessary to recycle the element from the Cd based semiconductors. Commonly, the precipitation of Cd cations with S2- is deemed as the end point of recycling. However, actually, CdS is easy to be oxidized and released into the environment and accumulate in the food chain. It still remains challenges on how to refine the Cd element and convert it to the raw material. Herein, we demonstrate a facile room temperature method for recycling Cd from CdS. Cd can be produced from CdS within 3 h with the help of the lithium-ethylenediamine solution. DFT calculations further confirm that the high surface energy of (100) and (101) planes are selectively attacked by the solvated electrons in the solution, which is in good accordance with the XRD, STEM-HAADF and XPS characterizations. With a total recovery efficiency of 88%, Cd is successfully recovered from the CdS powder. This method provides a new perspective on the treatment of Cd-based semiconductor waste, which is of great significance for the recycling of cadmium metal.

Keywords: Cadmium; Cadmium recycling; Cadmium sulphide; Room temperature; Solution process.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Luyang Wang, Ph.D. reports financial support was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China. Ran Jia reports financial support was provided by Science and Technology Research Program of Education Department of Jilin Province. Yuanmin Zhu reports financial support was provided by Shenzhen Basic Research Program. Lei Ma reports financial support was provided by Foundation for Young Innovative Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong. Luyang Wang has patent #ZL201811399399X issued to Shenzhen Technology University.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
a) Digital photographs, b) XRD patterns of CdS and LTR-3h. c) SEM image of CdS and d) SEM image of LTR-3h.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
XPS spectra of CdS and LTR-3h samples, a) Cd 3d and b) S 2p.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
a) XRD patterns of CdS and LTR samples with various reaction times. b) SEM image and photograph (inset) of LTR-1min. Inset table.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
HR-TEM images of a) LTR-1min, b) LTR-3h, c) HAADF of LTR-3h, EDS of d) Cd and S, e) Cd and f) S for the LTR-3h.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The scheme of orientation for different planes and the fully relaxed surface slabs of CdS crystal. The gold and red spheres represent the Cd and S atoms, respectively.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Schematic illustration of the reaction.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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