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. 2023 Apr 26;18(4):e0284389.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284389. eCollection 2023.

Global trends in antidepressant, atypical antipsychotic, and benzodiazepine use: A cross-sectional analysis of 64 countries

Orges Alabaku  1 , Alyssa Yang  2 , Shenthuraan Tharmarajah  2 , Katie Suda  3   4 , Simone Vigod  5   6   7   8   9 , Mina Tadrous  2   7   8   9
Affiliations

Global trends in antidepressant, atypical antipsychotic, and benzodiazepine use: A cross-sectional analysis of 64 countries

Orges Alabaku et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Objective: To describe the trends in use of antidepressants (ADs), atypical antipsychotics (AAPs), and benzodiazepines (BZDs) among high-, middle-, and low-income countries.

Methods: A cross-sectional time-series analysis by country from July 2014 to December 2019 utilizing IQVIA's Multinational Integrated Data Analysis database was conducted. Population-controlled rates of use were calculated in number of standard units of medications per drug class per population size. The United Nations' 2020 World Economic Situation and Prospects was used to group countries into high-, middle-, and low-income. Percent change in rates of use per drug class was calculated from July 2014 to July 2019. Linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the predictability of percent change in use utilizing a country's baseline rate of use per drug class and economic status as predictor variables.

Results: A total of 64 countries were included: 33 high-, 6 middle-, and 25 low-income. Average baseline rates of use for ADs in high-, middle-, and low-income countries were 2.15, 0.35, and 0.38 standard units per population size, respectively. For AAPs, rates were 0.69, 0.15, and 0.13, respectively. For BZDs, rates were 1.66, 1.46, and 0.33, respectively. Average percent changes in use for ADs by economic status were 20%, 69%, and 42%, respectively. For AAPs, they were 27%, 78%, and 69%, respectively. For BZDs, they were -13%, 4%, and -5%, respectively. Some associations were found demonstrating that as a country's economic status increases, percent change of AD (p = 0.916), AAP (p = 0.23), and BZD (p = 0.027) use decreases. Similarly, as baseline rate of use for ADs and AAPs increases, percent change in use decreases with p-values of 0.026 and 0.054, respectively. For BZDs, as baseline rate of use increases, percent change in use increases (p = 0.038).

Conclusions: High-income countries have a higher rate of treatment utilization compared to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with treatment utilization increasing in all countries of interest.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Antidepressant baseline rate of use vs. percent change in use in 64 countries, 2014–2019.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Atypical antipsychotic baseline rate of use vs. percent change in use in 64 countries, 2014–2019.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Benzodiazepine baseline rate of use vs. percent change in use in 64 countries, 2014–2019.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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