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. 2023 Jan;135(Suppl 1):7-17.
doi: 10.1007/s00508-022-02122-y. Epub 2023 Apr 20.

[Diabetes mellitus: definition, classification, diagnosis, screening and prevention (Update 2023)]

[Article in German]
Jürgen Harreiter  1 , Michael Roden  2   3   4
Affiliations

[Diabetes mellitus: definition, classification, diagnosis, screening and prevention (Update 2023)]

[Article in German]
Jürgen Harreiter et al. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2023 Jan.

Abstract
in English, German

Diabetes mellitus comprises of a group of heterogeneous disorders, which have an increase in blood glucose concentrations in common. The current classification for diabetes mellitus is presented and the main features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are compared. Furthermore, the criteria for the correct biochemical diagnosis during fasting and oral glucose tolerance tests as well as the use of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are summarized. The increasing prevalence of diabetes requires targeted screening for detecting diabetes and prediabetes in risk groups. This forms the basis for the early initiation of measures to prevent the onset of diabetes in these risk groups and to delay the progression of diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus bezeichnet eine Gruppe von heterogenen Erkrankungen, deren gemeinsamer Befund die Erhöhung der Blutglukosekonzentration ist. Die gegenwärtige Klassifikation des Diabetes mellitus wird dargestellt und die wesentlichen Merkmale von Typ 1 und Typ 2 Diabetes werden beschrieben. Darüber hinaus werden die Kriterien für die korrekte biochemische Diagnose unter Nüchtern-Bedingungen und im oralen Glukosetoleranz-Test sowie die Anwendung des Hämoglobin A1c (HbA1c) zusammengefasst. Die zunehmende Prävalenz des Diabetes erfordert zudem gezieltes Screening zur Erkennung von Diabetes und Prädiabetes in Risikogruppen. Dies bildete die Grundlage für die frühzeitige Einleitung von Maßnahmen zur Prävention der Manifestation des Diabetes in diesen Risikogruppen und Verzögerung der Diabetesprogression.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Glucose intolerance; Hyperglycemia; Impaired fasting glucose; Obesity; Prediabetes; Prevention; Screening.

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