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. 2023 Mar 31;8(4):210.
doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed8040210.

Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium vivax Field Isolates from the Thai-Myanmar Border during the Period of 2006-2016

Abdifatah Abdullahi Jalei  1 , Wanna Chaijaroenkul  2 , Kesara Na-Bangchang  1   2   3
Affiliations

Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium vivax Field Isolates from the Thai-Myanmar Border during the Period of 2006-2016

Abdifatah Abdullahi Jalei et al. Trop Med Infect Dis. .

Abstract

High levels of genetic variants of Plasmodium vivax have previously been reported in Thailand. Circumsporozoite surface protein (CSP), merozoite surface protein (MSP), and microsatellite markers were used to determine the genetic polymorphisms of P. vivax. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of P. vivax populations at the Thai-Myanmar border by genotyping the PvCSP, PvMSP-3α, and PvMSP-3β genes. Four hundred and forty P. vivax clinical isolates were collected from the Mae Sot and Sai Yok districts from 2006-2007 and 2014-2016. Polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to investigate the genetic polymorphisms of the target genes. Based on PCR band size variations, 14 different PvCSP alleles were identified: eight for VK210 and six for VK247. The VK210 genotype was the dominant variant during both sample collection periods. Based on PCR genotyping, three distinct types (A, B, and C) for both PvMSP-3α and PvMSP-3β were observed. Following RFLP, 28 and 14 allelic variants of PvMSP-3α and 36 and 20 allelic variants of PvMSP-3β with varying frequencies were identified during the first and second periods, respectively. High genetic variants of PvMSP-3 and PvCSP were found in the study area. PvMSP-3β exhibited a higher level of genetic diversity and multiple-genotype infection versus PvMSP-3α.

Keywords: Plasmodium vivax; PvCSP; PvMSP-3; Thai–Myanmar border; genetic diversity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of the data, writing of the manuscript, or decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PCR product size variations and genotypes of PvCSP. Gel images depict: (A) PCR product size variations for VK210; (B) PCR product size variations for VK247; and (C) PvCSP products digested with AluI (A) and BstNI (B) enzymes. Sample No. 1: A cut the product into small fragments, but B did not cut the product (VK210 genotype). Sample No. 2: A did not cut the product into small fragments, but B cut the product (VK247 genotype). Sample No. 3: A and B cut the products into small fragments (mixed genotype). M: Molecular marker (100 bp).
Figure 2
Figure 2
PCR product size variations and allelic variants of PvMSP-3α. Gel images depict: (A) PCR product size variations; (B) allelic variants for type A; and (C) allelic variants for types B and C. M: Molecular markers (100 bp and 1000 bp).
Figure 3
Figure 3
PCR product size variations and allelic variants of PvMSP-3β. Gel images depict: (A) PCR product size variations, and (B) allelic variants for types A, B, and C. M: Molecular markers (100 bp and 1000 bp). M1 and M2: Mixed genotypes.
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