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. 2023 May 1;128(3):254-268.
doi: 10.1352/1944-7558-128.3.254.

Health Effects of Sleep Quality in Premutation Carrier Mothers of Individuals With Fragile X Syndrome

Robert S Dembo  1 , Jinkuk Hong  1 , Leann Smith DaWalt  1 , Elizabeth M Berry-Kravis  2 , Marsha R Mailick  3
Affiliations

Health Effects of Sleep Quality in Premutation Carrier Mothers of Individuals With Fragile X Syndrome

Robert S Dembo et al. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil. .

Abstract

Sleep plays an integral role in supporting well-being, and sleep difficulties are common in mothers of individuals with developmental disabilities, including fragile X syndrome (FXS). This study assessed whether the effects of sleep quality on physical health and depression are exacerbated by genetic risk factors (CGG repeats) in FMR1 premutation carrier mothers of individuals with FXS. Poor sleep quality predicted a greater number of physical health conditions for mothers with CGG repeats in the mid-premutation range (90-110 repeats), but not for those in the lower (< 90 repeats) or higher (> 110 repeats) ends of the range. A significant association between poor sleep quality and maternal depressive symptoms was also observed, but there was no evidence that this effect varied by level of genetic vulnerability. This research extends our understanding of individual differences in the effects of sleep quality among mothers of individuals with FXS.

Keywords: FMR1 premutation; depressive symptoms; fragile X syndrome; physical health conditions; sleep quality.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Differential effects of sleep quality by CGG repeat length on the predicted number of physical health conditions Note: Figure 1 plots the interaction from the model controlling for sleep difficulties exhibited by the individual with FXS. The corresponding effects from the model controlling for behavior problems are: [CGG < 90: b = −0.06, p = .51], [CGG 90–110: b = 0.19, p = .009], [CGG > 110: b = −0.11, p = .32]
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