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. 2023 Apr 4;12(4):705.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12040705.

Adherence to 2015 ESC Guidelines for the Treatment of Infective Endocarditis: A Retrospective Multicentre Study (LEIOT Study)

Carlo Pallotto  1 , Cesare Bolla  2 , Serena Penpa  3 , Giovanni Genga  1 , Cristina Sarda  2 , Elisabetta Svizzeretto  1 , Andrea Tommasi  1 , Elisa Stolaj  1 , Andrea Salvaderi  4 , Giorgia Piceni  3 , Antonio Maconi  3 , Guido Chichino  2 , Daniela Francisci  1 , On Behalf Of The Leiot Study Group
Affiliations

Adherence to 2015 ESC Guidelines for the Treatment of Infective Endocarditis: A Retrospective Multicentre Study (LEIOT Study)

Carlo Pallotto et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is still a severe disease with elevated morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, the last European guidelines (GL) date back to 2015, and a recent survey described a diffuse suboptimal adherence to their recommendations. Here, we described a real-life scenario about adherence to IE treatment GL.

Methods: This was a retrospective, multicentric, case-control study. All the cases of IE admitted to our wards from 2016 to 2020 were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups, according to the non-adherence (group A, cases) or adherence (group B, controls) to 2015 ESC guidelines. Only targeted treatments were considered. Groups were compared for demographic, clinical, microbiological, and laboratory data and outcome. As a post hoc analysis, we analysed the characteristics of deviations from the guidelines and how these deviations affected mortality.

Results: A total of 246 patients were enrolled, with 128 (52%) in group A and 118 (48%) in group B. Groups were homogeneous except for aetiologies: staphylococcal and blood-culture-negative IE were more frequent in group A, while streptococcal and enterococcal IE were more frequent in group B (p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was comparable in the two groups. The most frequent causes of deviations from the guidelines were use of daptomycin, in addition to standard treatments and the missing administration of rifampin or gentamycin.

Conclusions: Adherence to 2015 ESC guidelines was limited but it did not affect mortality.

Keywords: adherence; antibiotic treatment; daptomycin; gentamicin; guidelines; infective endocarditis; rifampin.

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Conflict of interest statement

D.F. has received funds for speaking at symposia on behalf of Gilead, Janssen, MSD, ViiV Healthcare and Abbvie, and for participation in an advisory board on behalf of Janseen. C.P. received funds for speaking at symposia on behalf of Insmed and travel support for attending meetings on behalf of Gilead, Pfizer, Advanz Pharma. The other authors declare they have no financial interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
In-hospital mortality distribution for non-adherence type (p > 0.1).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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