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Review
. 2023 Apr 19;12(4):778.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12040778.

Enterococcal Urinary Tract Infections: A Review of the Pathogenicity, Epidemiology, and Treatment

Alia Codelia-Anjum  1 , Lori B Lerner  2 , Dean Elterman  3 , Kevin C Zorn  4 , Naeem Bhojani  4 , Bilal Chughtai  1
Affiliations
Review

Enterococcal Urinary Tract Infections: A Review of the Pathogenicity, Epidemiology, and Treatment

Alia Codelia-Anjum et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common causes of infections worldwide and can be caused by numerous uropathogens. Enterococci are Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic commensal organisms of the gastrointestinal tract that are known uropathogens. Enterococcus spp. has become a leading cause of healthcare associated infections, ranging from endocarditis to UTIs. In recent years, there has been an increase in multidrug resistance due to antibiotic misuse, especially in enterococci. Additionally, infections due to enterococci pose a unique challenge due to their ability to survive in extreme environments, intrinsic antimicrobial resistance, and genomic malleability. Overall, this review aims to highlight the pathogenicity, epidemiology, and treatment recommendations (according to the most recent guidelines) of enterococci.

Keywords: biofilm; enterococcus; resistance; urinary tract infection; vancomycin resistant enterococcus.

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Conflict of interest statement

Bilal Chughtai is a consultant for Olympus, Boston Scientific, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, and Allergan. Dean Elterman is a consultant for Olympus, Boston Scientific, and Procept BioRobotics. Kevin C. Zorn is a consultant and proctor for Boston Scientific, Procept BioRobotics, and an investigator for Zenflow. Naeem Bhojani is a consultant for Olympus, Boston Scientific, and Procept BioRobotics. The other authors declare that they have no known competing interests.

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