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. 2023 Apr 12;20(8):5490.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph20085490.

Brisk Walking Pace Is Associated with Better Cardiometabolic Health in Adults: Findings from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017

Igor Cigarroa  1 , Michelle Bravo-Leal  1 , Fanny Petermann-Rocha  2 , Solange Parra-Soto  3   4 , Yeny Concha-Cisternas  5 , Carlos Matus-Castillo  6 , Jaime Vásquez-Gómez  7   8 , Rafael Zapata-Lamana  9 , María Antonia Parra-Rizo  10   11 , Cristian Álvarez  12 , Carlos Celis-Morales  4   8
Affiliations

Brisk Walking Pace Is Associated with Better Cardiometabolic Health in Adults: Findings from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017

Igor Cigarroa et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Although the importance of walking for promoting a better cardiometabolic health is widely known (this includes both cardiovascular and metabolic/endocrine systems), there is little knowledge regarding its appropriate pace to provide adults with more cardiometabolic benefits.

Aim: To analyze the associations between different walking pace categories and cardiometabolic health markers in the adult Chilean population.

Methods: Cross-sectional study. A total of 5520 participants aged 15 to 90 years old from the Chilean National Health Survey (CNHS) 2016-2017 were included. Walking pace categories (slow, average, and brisk) were collected through self-reported methods. Glycaemia, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), vitamin D2, vitamin D3, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and lipid profile (Total, HDL, LDL, VLDL, No HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) were determined using blood sample tests and measured with the standardized methods described in the CNHS 2016-2017.

Results: People who had a brisk walking pace were associated with lower levels of glycaemia, HbA1c, GGT, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and higher vitamin D3 levels compared with those with a slow walking pace. Moreover, people with a brisk walking pace had lower levels of VLDL cholesterol compared with those with a slow walking pace. However, after adjusting the model to include sociodemographic background, nutritional status, and lifestyle variables, the differences remained only for glycaemia, HbA1c and systolic blood pressure levels.

Conclusions: A brisk walking pace was associated with better cardiometabolic health markers and lipid profile compared with a slow walking pace.

Keywords: Chile; blood pressure; glycaemia; glycosylated hemoglobin A; health surveys; walking pace.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Association of walking pace with cardiometabolic health markers: glycaemia (panel (a)), HbA1c (panel (b)), gamma glutamyl transferase (panel (c)), vitamin D2 (panel (d)), vitamin D3 (panel (e)), vitamin D3 + D2 (panel (f)), systolic BP (panel (g)), and diastolic BP (panel (h)). Data presented as β-coefficient and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) by walking pace category estimated by linear regression analysis. Slow pace was used as the reference group (Ref.). Graphs shown were obtained from adjusted Model 3.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Association of walking pace with lipid profile. (panel (a)), Total cholesterol (panel (b)), Hdl cholesterol (panel (c)), Ldl cholesterol (panel (d)), Vldl cholesterol (panel (e)), no Hdl cholesterol (panel (f)), Triglycerides). Data presented as β-coefficient and their 95% CI estimated by linear regression analysis. Slow pace was used as the reference group (Ref.). Graphs shown were obtained from adjusted Model 3.
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