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. 2023 Apr 17;20(8):5527.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph20085527.

Natural Mineral Water and Diuresis: A Systematic Review

Matteo Vitali  1 , Mario Fontana  2 , Andrea De Giorgi  1 , Daniela Marotta  1 , Serena Crucianelli  3 , Arianna Antonucci  1 , Carmela Protano  1
Affiliations

Natural Mineral Water and Diuresis: A Systematic Review

Matteo Vitali et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

The present systematic review is aimed at evaluating the diuretic effects determined according to the natural mineral water consumption on healthy individuals. This systematic review has been performed following the guidelines of the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) Statement, investigating PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from inception to November 2022. Studies performed both on animals and on humans were considered. After screening, a total of 12 studies have been identified. Of these, 11 studies were performed in Italy and 1 in Bulgaria. The time range of publication is very wide, ranging from 1962 to 2019 for human studies and from 1967 to 2001 for animal studies. All the included studies found an increase in diuresis determined according to the consumption of natural mineral water, in some cases after just one administration of the tested water. However, the quality of the studies is not so high, especially for the research conducted many years ago. Thus, it would be desirable to carry out new clinical studies using more appropriate methodological approaches and more refined methods of statistical data processing.

Keywords: bottle water; diuresis; natural mineral water; renal system; systematic review; thermal water.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Selection studies flowchart.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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