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. 2023 Mar 29;13(4):597.
doi: 10.3390/jpm13040597.

Fear of COVID-19, Resilience, and Future Anxiety: Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Dark Future Scale

Murat Yıldırım  1 , Ömer Kaynar  2 , Gökmen Arslan  3 , Francesco Chirico  4   5
Affiliations

Fear of COVID-19, Resilience, and Future Anxiety: Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Dark Future Scale

Murat Yıldırım et al. J Pers Med. .

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought many disruptions to individuals' everyday lives and caused wide-ranging, drastic effects on their well-being, mental health, and physical health. This study sought to validate the Dark Future Scale (DFS) and examine its reliability and validity in Turkish. The present study also examined the relationship between fear of COVID-19, dark future anxiety, and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Four hundred and eighty-nine Turkish athletes (mean age = 23.08 ± 6.64) completed measures on fear, anxiety, resilience, and demographic information. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the DFS had a one-factor solution with good reliability. Fear of COVID-19 significantly predicted resilience and future anxiety. Furthermore, resilience significantly predicted anxiety and mediated the effect of fear of COVID-19 on future anxiety. The findings have important implications for improving mental health and developing the resiliency of athletes during public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords: Dark Future Scale; Turkish validation; fear of COVID-19; future anxiety; resilience.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declared no conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mediation model depicting the associations between the variables. ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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