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Review
. 2023 Apr 18;16(4):611.
doi: 10.3390/ph16040611.

An Updated Review on the Multifaceted Therapeutic Potential of Calendula officinalis L

Kiran Shahane  1 , Madhuri Kshirsagar  1 , Srushti Tambe  1 , Divya Jain  1 , Srutee Rout  2 , Maria Karolina Martins Ferreira  3 , Suraj Mali  4 , Purnima Amin  1 , Prem Prakash Srivastav  2 , Jorddy Cruz  3 , Rafael Rodrigues Lima  3
Affiliations
Review

An Updated Review on the Multifaceted Therapeutic Potential of Calendula officinalis L

Kiran Shahane et al. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). .

Abstract

Calendula officinalis Linn. (CO) is a popular medicinal plant from the plant kingdom's Asteraceae family that has been used for millennia. This plant contains flavonoids, triterpenoids, glycosides, saponins, carotenoids, volatile oil, amino acids, steroids, sterols, and quinines. These chemical constituents confer multifaceted biological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antihelminthic, antidiabetes, wound healing, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant activities. Additionally, it is employed in cases of certain burns and gastrointestinal, gynecological, ocular, and skin conditions. In this review, we have discussed recent research from the last five years on the therapeutic applications of CO and emphasized its myriad capabilities as a traditional medicine. We have also elucidated CO's molecular mechanisms and recent clinical studies. Overall, this review intends to summarize, fill in the gaps in the existing research, and provide a wealth of possibilities for researchers working to validate traditional claims and advance the safe and effective use of CO in treating various ailments.

Keywords: Calendula officinalis; biological activities; chemical composition; traditional medicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of constituents of CO. (1), isorhamnetin 3-O-β-glucoside (2), quercetin 3-O-β-neohesperidoside (3), quercetin 3-O-(2″-O-α-rhamnosyl-6″-O-malonyl)-β-glucoside (4), quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-β-glucoside (5), quercetin 3-O-6″-O-methyl malonyl)-β-glucoside (6), isorhamnetin 3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-β-glucoside (7), chlorogenic acid (8), 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (9), and syringic acid (10). Adapted from [84] under Creative Commons CC BY license (CC BY 4.0).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Pharmacological effects of Calendula officinalis Linn.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Anti-inflammatory effects of Calendula officinalis Linn by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, etc.), COX-2, prostaglandin synthesis, iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase), and CRP (C-Reactive Protein).
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A). Mechanism of action of CO on Interleukin 6 (IL-6); (B) Mechanism of action of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on wound healing. Adapted from [122] under Creative Commons CC BY license (CC BY 4.0). NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; MPO, myeloperoxidase; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL-1β, interleukin-1-beta; BAX, BCL-2 associated x protein; Pol γ, DNA polymerase γ; SMAD, suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic; VEGF-c, vascular endothelial growth factor C; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; P2YR, purinergic G protein-coupled receptors; HB-EGF, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; RAS, rat sarcoma; ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; Src, steroid receptor coactivator; Akt, protein kinase B; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase.
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