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Review
. 2023 Apr 21;15(4):1312.
doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041312.

Local Delivery and Controlled Release Drugs Systems: A New Approach for the Clinical Treatment of Periodontitis Therapy

Mariacristina Amato  1 , Simona Santonocito  1 , Alessandro Polizzi  1 , Gianluca Martino Tartaglia  2 , Vincenzo Ronsivalle  1 , Gaia Viglianisi  1 , Cristina Grippaudo  3 , Gaetano Isola  1
Affiliations
Review

Local Delivery and Controlled Release Drugs Systems: A New Approach for the Clinical Treatment of Periodontitis Therapy

Mariacristina Amato et al. Pharmaceutics. .

Abstract

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the gums characterized by the degeneration of periodontal ligaments, the formation of periodontal pockets, and the resorption of the alveolar bone, which results in the destruction of the teeth's supporting structure. Periodontitis is caused by the growth of diverse microflora (particularly anaerobes) in the pockets, releasing toxins and enzymes and stimulating the immune system. Various approaches, both local and systemic, have been used to treat periodontitis effectively. Successful treatment depends on reducing bacterial biofilm, bleeding on probing (BOP), and reducing or eliminating pockets. Currently, the use of local drug delivery systems (LDDSs) as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing (SRP) in periodontitis is a promising strategy, resulting in greater efficacy and fewer adverse effects by controlling drug release. Selecting an appropriate bioactive agent and route of administration is the cornerstone of a successful periodontitis treatment plan. In this context, this review focuses on applications of LDDSs with varying properties in treating periodontitis with or without systemic diseases to identify current challenges and future research directions.

Keywords: agents; antibiotics; controlled released drugs; drugs; inflammation; local delivery drugs; natural drugs; nutraceutical agents; periodontitis; pharmaceutics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The available LDDSs for periodontal treatment.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Fibers and their placement. Reproduced with the permission from Rajeshwari et al. [32].
Figure 3
Figure 3
The procedure of electrospinning to make nanofibers. Each nanofiber has antibacterial and antiphlogistic activity and promotes tissue growth. Nanofibers are assembled in membranes and then applied to the periodontitis-affected site.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Strips and Films and their placement. Reproduced with the permission from Rajeshwari et al. [32].
Figure 5
Figure 5
Microparticles and nanosystems and their placement, reproduced with permission from Rajeshwari et al. [32].
Figure 6
Figure 6
Gels and their placement. Reproduced with the permission from Rajeshwari et al. [32].
Figure 7
Figure 7
Membrane and its placement in order to act as a barrier.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Scaffold and its placement.
Figure 9
Figure 9
A flow chart of the classification of LDDSs and their modalities of application [32,122].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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