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. 2023 Apr 20;23(8):4136.
doi: 10.3390/s23084136.

An Attempt to Develop a Model of Brain Waves Using Quantitative Electroencephalography with Closed Eyes in K1 Kickboxing Athletes-Initial Concept

Łukasz Rydzik  1 , Tomasz Pałka  2 , Ewa Sobiło-Rydzik  3 , Łukasz Tota  2 , Dorota Ambroży  1 , Tadeusz Ambroży  1 , Pavel Ruzbarsky  4 , Wojciech Czarny  4   5 , Marta Kopańska  6
Affiliations

An Attempt to Develop a Model of Brain Waves Using Quantitative Electroencephalography with Closed Eyes in K1 Kickboxing Athletes-Initial Concept

Łukasz Rydzik et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Background: Brain injuries are a common problem in combat sports, especially in disciplines such as kickboxing. Kickboxing is a combat sport that has several variations of competition, with the most contact-oriented fights being carried out under the format of K-1 rules. While these sports require a high level of skill and physical endurance, frequent micro-traumas to the brain can have serious consequences for the health and well-being of athletes. According to studies, combat sports are one of the riskiest sports in terms of brain injuries. Among the sports disciplines with the highest number of brain injuries, boxing, mixed martial arts (MMA), and kickboxing are mentioned.

Methods: The study was conducted on a group of 18 K-1 kickboxing athletes who demonstrate a high level of sports performance. The subjects were between the ages 18 and 28. QEEG (quantitative electroencephalogram) is a numeric spectral analysis of the EEG record, where the data is digitally coded and statistically analysed using the Fourier transform algorithm. Each examination of one person lasts about 10 min with closed eyes. The wave amplitude and power for specific frequencies (Delta, Theta, Alpha, Sensorimotor Rhythm (SMR), Beta 1, and Beta2) were analysed using 9 leads.

Results: High values were shown in the Alpha frequency for central leads, SMR in the Frontal 4 (F4 lead), Beta 1 in leads F4 and Parietal 3 (P3), and Beta2 in all leads.

Conclusions: The high activity of brainwaves such as SMR, Beta and Alpha can have a negative effect on the athletic performance of kickboxing athletes by affecting focus, stress, anxiety, and concentration. Therefore, it is important for athletes to monitor their brainwave activity and use appropriate training strategies to achieve optimal results.

Keywords: K-1; QEEG; brain; brain injury; kickboxing; martial arts.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mean values for Delta against the reference standard.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mean values for Theta against reference standard.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mean values for Alpha against reference standard.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mean values for SMR against the reference standard.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Mean values for Beta 1 against the reference standard.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Mean values for Beta2 against the reference standard.
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