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. 2023 Apr 1;11(4):784.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines11040784.

Immunogenicity Differences of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine According to Pre-Existing Adenovirus Immunity

Jinnam Kim  1   2   3 , Changhyup Kim  1   2 , Jung Ah Lee  1   2 , Se Ju Lee  1   2 , Ki Hyun Lee  1   2 , Jung Ho Kim  1   2 , Jin Young Ahn  1   2 , Su Jin Jeong  1   2 , Nam Su Ku  1   2 , Joon-Sup Yeom  1   2 , Young Goo Song  1   2 , Jun Yong Choi  1   2
Affiliations

Immunogenicity Differences of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine According to Pre-Existing Adenovirus Immunity

Jinnam Kim et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

This study investigated the immunogenicity of, and reactogenicity to, the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine according to pre-existing adenovirus immunity. Individuals scheduled for COVID-19 vaccination were prospectively enrolled in a tertiary hospital with 2400 beds from March 2020 onwards. Pre-existing adenovirus immunity data was obtained before ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. A total of 68 adult patients administered two doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine were enrolled. Pre-existing adenovirus immunity was identified in 49 patients (72.1%), but not in the remaining 19 patients (27.9%). The geometric mean titer of S-specific IgG antibodies was statistically higher in individuals without pre-existing adenovirus immunity at several time points: before the second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose (56.4 (36.6-125.0) vs. 51.0 (17.9-122.3), p = 0.024), 2-3 weeks after the second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose (629.5 (451.5-926.5) vs. 555.0 (287.3-926.0), p = 0.049), and 3 months after the second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose (274.5 (160.5-655.3) vs. 176.0 (94.3-255.3), p = 0.033). In the absence of pre-existing adenovirus immunity, systemic events were observed with higher frequency, especially chills (73.7% vs. 31.9%, p = 0.002). In conclusion, individuals without pre-existing adenovirus immunity showed a higher immune response to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination and a higher frequency of reactogenicity to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination was observed.

Keywords: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19; adenoviridae; adenovirus vaccines; immunogenicity; vaccine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Flow chart of individuals with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination according to pre-existing adenovirus immunity; (b) Timetable of individuals with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination.
Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Flow chart of individuals with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination according to pre-existing adenovirus immunity; (b) Timetable of individuals with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Spike (S)-specific IgG titers after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination according to pre-existing adenovirus immunity; (b) Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) data after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination according to pre-existing adenovirus immunity; *, p < 0.05.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Spike (S)-specific IgG titers after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination according to pre-existing adenovirus immunity; (b) Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) data after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination according to pre-existing adenovirus immunity; *, p < 0.05.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Reactogenicity to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination according to pre-existing adenovirus immunity.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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