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. 2023 Apr 10;15(4):935.
doi: 10.3390/v15040935.

Isolation of Flaviviruses and Alphaviruses with Encephalitogenic Potential Diagnosed by Evandro Chagas Institute (Pará, Brazil) in the Period of 1954-2022: Six Decades of Discoveries

Ana Lucia Monteiro Wanzeller  1 , Fabio Silva da Silva  1 , Leonardo Henrique Almeida Hernández  1 , Landerson Junior Leopoldino Barros  1 , Maria Nazaré Oliveira Freitas  1 , Maissa Maia Santos  1 , Ercília de Jesus Gonçalves  1 , Jamilla Augusta Sousa Pantoja  1 , Creuza de Sousa Lima  1 , Maxwell Furtado Lima  1 , Luiz Roberto Oliveira Costa  1 , Liliane Leal das Chagas  1 , Iveraldo Ferreira Silva  1 , Tania Cristina Alves da Silveira da Cunha  1 , Bruna Lais Sena do Nascimento  1 , Helena Baldez Vasconcelos  1 , Elizabeth Salbe Travassos da Rosa  1 , Sueli Guerreiro Rodrigues  1 , Raimunda do Socorro da Silva Azevedo  1 , Lívia Carício Martins  1 , Lívia Medeiros Neves Casseb  1 , Jannifer Oliveira Chiang  1 , Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto  1 , Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz  1 , Valéria Lima Carvalho  1 , Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos  1 , Eliana Vieira Pinto da Silva  1
Affiliations

Isolation of Flaviviruses and Alphaviruses with Encephalitogenic Potential Diagnosed by Evandro Chagas Institute (Pará, Brazil) in the Period of 1954-2022: Six Decades of Discoveries

Ana Lucia Monteiro Wanzeller et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

Viruses with encephalitogenic potential can cause neurological conditions of clinical and epidemiological importance, such as Saint Louis encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Zika virus, Chikungunya virus, Mayaro virus and West Nile virus. The objective of the present study was to determine the number of arboviruses with neuroinvasive potential isolated in Brazil that corresponds to the collection of viral samples belonging to the Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute (SAARB/IEC) of the Laboratory Network of National Reference for Arbovirus Diagnosis from 1954 to 2022. In the analyzed period, a total of 1,347 arbovirus samples with encephalitogenic potential were isolated from mice; 5,065 human samples were isolated exclusively by cell culture; and 676 viruses were isolated from mosquitoes. The emergence of new arboviruses may be responsible for diseases still unknown to humans, making the Amazon region a hotspot for infectious diseases due to its fauna and flora species characteristics. The detection of circulating arboviruses with the potential to cause neuroinvasive diseases is constant, which justifies the continuation of active epidemiological surveillance work that offers adequate support to the public health system regarding the virological diagnosis of circulating arboviruses in Brazil.

Keywords: arbovirus; cell culture; neurotropic; public health; viral isolation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Alphaviruses and flaviviruses transmission cycles.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution of Flavivirus and Alphavirus viral isolates in mice in decades from 1954 to 2009.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Municipalities in Pará state where flaviviruses were isolated over 6 decades by the SAARB/IEC.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Municipalities in Pará state where alphaviruses were isolated over 6 decades by the SAARB/IEC.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Distribution of the incidence of Flavivirus (A) and Alphavirus (B) reservoirs by federative unit of Brazil.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Distribution of flavivirus isolates in mice according to the animal model of origin. The larger heatmap is associated with isolates in the state of Pará. The smaller heatmap is associated with isolates from other Brazilian states.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Distribution of alphavirus isolates in mice according to the animal model of origin. The larger heatmap is associated with isolates in the state of Pará. The smaller heatmap is associated with isolates from other Brazilian states.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Distribution of alphavirus and flavivirus isolates between 1999 and 2018, from human samples and isolated exclusively using the cell culture technique. The heatmap illustrates the distribution of isolated viruses as a function of years in 5-year intervals, and the map shows the numbers of isolates in this period and distributed throughout the 5 regions of Brazil.
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