Placenta-Derived Products Demonstrate Good Safety Profile and Overall Satisfactory Outcomes for Treating Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of Clinical Evidence

Abstract

Purpose: To summarize the available evidence regarding the clinical application of placenta-derived products to treat knee osteoarthritis (OA), underlining the differences existing among products, their preparation methods, and the clinical results reported so far.

Methods: A research on PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases was performed. The following inclusion criteria for relevant articles were used: (1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective and retrospective studies, on humans; (2) written in English; (3) published in indexed journals in the last 10 years (2011-2022); and (4) dealing with the use of placenta-derived products for the treatment of knee OA. Exclusion criteria were articles written in other languages; animals or in vitro trials; reviews; and trials analyzing other applications of placenta-derived products not related to knee OA.

Results: In total, 16 studies were included in the present systematic review. Five studies investigated placenta-derived products as an augmentation during surgical procedures, whereas 11 studies were focused on the injective approach only. Of these, only 4 were RCTs and were all from the injective approach group. Potential risk of bias was carried out using Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool for RCTs and a modified Coleman approach for nonrandomized studies, revealing for both an overall insufficient quality. Clinical outcomes reveal excellent safety profile and notable efficacy, despite the different types of products used and different administration methods adopted.

Conclusions: Placental products showed a good safety profile and overall satisfactory outcomes for the treatment of knee OA.

Level of evidence: Level IV, systematic review of Level II, III and IV studies.