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Review
. 2023 Mar 27;15(3):e36755.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.36755. eCollection 2023 Mar.

A Systematic Review Exploring the Range of Renal Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Feisal M Yussuf  1 , Ahmed Barbarawi  2 , Mohammed A Nor  3 , Abdirazak I Ali  4 , Ibrahimkhalil M Sheikh  5 , Oboseh J Ogedegbe  6 , Godfrey Tabowei  7 , Abdulmalik Jimoh  8 , Godwin E Ozokolie  9   10 , Osahon Igbinomwanhia  11
Affiliations
Review

A Systematic Review Exploring the Range of Renal Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Feisal M Yussuf et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a viral infection which progressively leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the absence of treatment. This happens through the destruction of crucial cells in the immune system, such as the helper T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Since the first case was isolated in the 20th century, the disease has spread rapidly among humans, with significant renal, cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological complications. It is predominantly sexually transmitted but non-sexual transmission. A relationship between HIV and renal diseases has been suggested for a long time, but only a few systematic studies have centered on this association. This systematic review aims to analyze the possible association between HIV and renal diseases as well as the range and pathogenesis of these renal diseases. HIV remains a critical infectious disease globally, inciting substantial morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that people living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk of acute and chronic kidney disease. This review is based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases were searched exhaustively using the inclusion criteria of free full-text English papers that have exclusively studied humans in the last 20 years. Sixteen articles were selected including a systematic review, observational studies, and comprehensive narrative reviews on the role of HIV in the etiology of renal diseases, and were systemically reviewed and analyzed to elicit the wide range of possible renal complications resulting from HIV infection.

Keywords: cd4 t-cells; hiv aids; hiv associated nephropathy (hivan); hiv-1; hiv-associated immune complex kidney disease (hivick); kidney disease; renal complication.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. The article filtering processes are depicted in the PRISMA flow diagram.
PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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