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. 2023 Mar 8;7(1):e90.
doi: 10.1017/cts.2023.34. eCollection 2023.

Are fewer cases of diabetes mellitus diagnosed in the months after SARS-CoV-2 infection? A population-level view in the EHR-based RECOVER program

Neha V Reddy  1 , Hsin-Chieh Yeh  2 , Jena S Tronieri  3 , Til Stürmer  4 , John B Buse  5 , Jane E Reusch  6 , Steven G Johnson  7 , Rachel Wong  8 , Richard Moffitt  8 , Kenneth J Wilkins  9 , Jeremy Harper #  10 , Carolyn T Bramante #  1 ; N3C and RECOVER Consortiums
Affiliations

Are fewer cases of diabetes mellitus diagnosed in the months after SARS-CoV-2 infection? A population-level view in the EHR-based RECOVER program

Neha V Reddy et al. J Clin Transl Sci. .

Abstract

Long-term sequelae of severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may include increased incidence of diabetes. Here we describe the temporal relationship between new type 2 diabetes and SARS-CoV-2 infection in a nationwide database. We found that while the proportion of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes increased during the acute period of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the mean proportion of new diabetes cases in the 6 months post-infection was about 83% lower than the 6 months preinfection. These results underscore the need for further investigation to understand the timing of new diabetes after COVID-19, etiology, screening, and treatment strategies.

Keywords: COVID-19; PASC; epidemiology; new diabetes; type 2 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

Dr. Buse’s contracted consulting fees and travel support for contracted activities are paid to the University of North Carolina by Adocia, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Intarcia Therapeutics, MannKind, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Senseonics, and vTv Therapeutics; he reports grant support from AstraZeneca, Dexcom, Eli Lilly, Intarcia Therapeutics, Johnson & Johnson, Lexicon, NovaTarg, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Theracos, Tolerion, and vTv Therapeutics; he has received fees for consultation from Anji Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cirius Therapeutics Inc, Eli Lilly, Fortress Biotech, Janssen, Mellitus Health, Moderna, Pendulum Therapeutics, Praetego, Stability Health, and Zealand Pharma; he holds stock/options in Mellitus Health, Pendulum Therapeutics, PhaseBio, Praetego, and Stability Health; and he is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International and the American Diabetes Association. Dr. Stürmer does not accept personal compensation of any kind from any pharmaceutical company. He owns stock in Novartis, Roche, and Novo Nordisk. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Among all persons with diabetes in the database, the proportion of diabetes cases that were newly diagnosed between September 2019 and February 2022, by 30-day periods relative to infection with SARS-CoV-2. This plot represents the proportion of diabetes cases in the N3C database that were diagnosed after September 2019 in persons who did not have a previous diagnosis of diabetes. Each line represents a calendar month of the pandemic. The Y-axis is the proportion of all persons with SARS-CoV-2 and a DM diagnosis who received the ICD code for DM after September 2019 and the temporal relationship between the diagnoses between 180 days prior to 360 days after the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The large peak between 8 days before and 30 days after is represented in an inset so that the top of that peak is visible without compressing the Y-axis.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Number of new diabetes mellitus (DM) cases within 180 before and 360 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection, among individuals who have both EHR-recorded SARS-CoV-2 infection and ICD code for DM and did not have an ICD code for DM before September 2019. Each line represents a calendar month during the pandemic; the Y-axis is the number of new DM cases in the N3C database in persons with a documented SARS-CoV-2 infection. The X-axis is temporal relationship between the diabetes diagnosis relative to each individual’s SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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