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. 2019 Jul 18;15(1-2):e1013.
doi: 10.4073/csr.2019.1. eCollection 2019 Jun.

Effects of bystander programs on the prevention of sexual assault among adolescents and college students: A systematic review

Heather Hensman Kettrey  1 , Robert A Marx  2 , Emily E Tanner-Smith  3
Affiliations

Effects of bystander programs on the prevention of sexual assault among adolescents and college students: A systematic review

Heather Hensman Kettrey et al. Campbell Syst Rev. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA study flow diagram
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on rape myth acceptance – immediate posttest
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on rape myth acceptance—immediate posttest with alternative Tx arm for Banyard et al. (2007)
Figure 4
Figure 4
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on rape myth acceptance—1 to 4 months post‐intervention
Figure 5
Figure 5
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on rape myth acceptance—1 to 4 months post‐intervention—with alternative Tx arm for Banyard et al. (2007)
Figure 6
Figure 6
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on rape myth acceptance—6 to 7 months post‐intervention
Figure 7
Figure 7
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on gender attitudes—2 to 4 months post‐intervention
Figure 8
Figure 8
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on gender attitudes—6 months to 1 year post‐intervention
Figure 9
Figure 9
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on date rape attitudes at immediate posttest
Figure 10
Figure 10
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on date rape attitudes at immediate posttest—sensitivity analysis with alternative treatment arm for Banyard et al. (2007)
Figure 11
Figure 11
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on noticing sexual assault —immediate posttest
Figure 12
Figure 12
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on noticing sexual assault—1 to 4 months post‐intervention
Figure 13
Figure 13
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on identifying a situation as appropriate for intervention—immediate posttest
Figure 14
Figure 14
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on identifying a situation as appropriate for intervention—immediate posttest with alternative Tx arm for Banyard et al. (2007)
Figure 15
Figure 15
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on identifying a situation as appropriate for intervention – 1‐ to 4‐month follow‐up
Figure 16
Figure 16
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on identifying a situation as appropriate for intervention – 1‐ to 4‐month follow‐up with alternative treatment arm for Banyard et al. (2007)
Figure 17
Figure 17
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on taking responsibility to act/intervene – immediate posttest
Figure 18
Figure 18
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on taking responsibility to act/intervene – immediate posttest with alternative Tx arm for Banyard et al. (2007)
Figure 19
Figure 19
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on taking responsibility to act/intervene – 1 to 4 months posttest
Figure 20
Figure 20
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on taking responsibility to act/intervene – 1‐ to 4‐month posttest with alternative Tx arm for Banyard et al. (2007)
Figure 21
Figure 21
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on knowing strategies for helping/intervening‐ immediate posttest
Figure 22
Figure 22
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on bystander efficacy – immediate posttest
Figure 23
Figure 23
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on bystander efficacy – immediate posttest with alternative Tx arm for Banyard et al. (2007)
Figure 24
Figure 24
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on bystander efficacy – 1‐ to 4‐month posttest
Figure 25
Figure 25
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on bystander efficacy – 1‐ to 4‐month posttest with alternative Tx arm for Banyard et al. (2007)
Figure 26
Figure 26
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on bystander intentions – immediate posttest
Figure 27
Figure 27
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on bystander intentions – immediate posttest with alternative Tx arm for Banyard et al. (2007)
Figure 28
Figure 28
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on bystander intentions – 1 to 4 months post‐intervention
Figure 29
Figure 29
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on bystander intentions – 1 to 4 months post‐intervention with alternative Tx arm for Banyard et al. (2007)
Figure 30
Figure 30
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on bystander intentions – 6 months to 1 year post‐intervention
Figure 31
Figure 31
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on bystander intervention – 1 to 4 months post‐intervention
Figure 32
Figure 32
Contour enhanced funnel plot of bystander intervention 1 to 4 months post‐intervention
Figure 33
Figure 33
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on bystander intervention – 1 to 4 months post‐intervention with alternative Tx arm for Banyard et al. (2007)
Figure 34
Figure 34
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on bystander intervention – 1 to 4 months post‐intervention with alternative Tx arm for Jouriles et al. (n.d.)
Figure 35
Figure 35
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on bystander intervention ‐ 6 months to 1 year post‐intervention
Figure 36
Figure 36
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on sexual assault perpetration – 3 to 4 months post‐intervention
Figure 37
Figure 37
Forest plot of bystander intervention effects on sexual assault perpetration – 6 months to 1‐year post‐intervention
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References

References to included studies

    1. Addison, W. B. (2015). Embedding sexual assault bystander awareness education in a criminal justice course (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. (3741449)
    1. Amar, A. F. , Tuccinardi, N. , Heislein, J. , & Simpson, S. (2015). Friends Helping Friends: A nonrandomized control trial of a peer‐based response to dating violence. Nurse Outlook, 63(4), 496–503. 10.1016/j.outlook.2015.01.004 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Baker, C. K. , Naai, R. , Mitchell, J. , & Trecker, C. (2014). Utilizing a train‐the‐trainer model for sexual violence prevention: Findings from a pilot study with high school students of Asian and Pacific Islander descent in Hawai'i. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 5(2), 106–115. 10.1037/a0034670 - DOI
    1. Brokenshire, S. J. (2015). Evaluating bystander intervention training: Creating awareness on college campuses (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. (1593998).
    1. Chiriboga, X. (2016). A text nessage intervention to increase awareness of sexual assault on campus (Masters thesis). Retrieved from DigitalCommons. (Paper 901)

References to excluded studies

    1. Ahrens, C. E. , Rich, M. D. , & Ullman, J. B. (2011). Rehearsing for real life: The impact of the InterACT Sexual Assault Prevention Program on self‐reported likelihood of engaging in bystander interventions. Violence Against Women, 17(6), 760–776. 10.1177/1077801211410212 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Alegría‐Flores, K. , Raker, K. , Pleasants, R. K. , Weaver, M. A. , & Weinberger, M. (2017). Preventing interpersonal violence on college campuses: The effect of one act training on bystander intervention. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 32(7), 1103–1126. - PubMed
    1. Amar, A. F. , Sutherland, M. , & Kesler, E. (2012). Evaluation of a bystander education program. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 33(12), 851–857. 10.3109/01612840.2012.709915 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Baiocchi, M. (2016). A cluster‐randomized trial to assess a sexual assault prevention intervention in adolescents in Nairobi, Kenya. Retrived from ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02771132.
    1. Baldwin‐White, A. , Thompson, M. S. , & Gray, A. (2016). Pre‐ and postintervention factor analysis of the Illinois rape myth acceptance scale. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 25(6), 636–651. 10.1080/10926771.2015.1107173 - DOI

References to studies awaiting classification

    1. Banyard, V. L. , Potter, S. J. , Cares, A. C. , Williams, L. M. , Moynihan, M. M. , & Stapelton, J. S. (n. d.). Bystander interventions to prevent sexual violence on diverse campuses: A test of multiple prevention tools. Unpublished Manuscript.
    1. Orchowski, L. M. , Barnett, N. , Borsari, B. , Wood, M. , Zlotnick, C. , & Oesterle, D. (2015). Integrated alcohol and sexual assault prevention for heavy drinking collegemen: Short term findings from a randomized pilot trial. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 39, 279A.
    1. Plante, E. G. , Banyard, V. L. , & Moynihan, M. M. (2002). Rape prevention through bystander education: Bringing a broader community perspective to prevention. Paper presented at Victimization of Children and Youth: An International Research Conference.

References to ongoing studies

    1. Gilliam, M. In‐school evaluation of bystander: A game‐based intervention for sexual violence prevention. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02919098.
    1. Griffin, K. W. Primary prevention of sexual violence among college students. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03037866.
    1. Jouries, E. Evaluating a Video Bystander Program for first‐year college students. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03056560.
    1. Miller, E. College health center‐based alcohol and sexual violence intervention (GIFTSS). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02355470.
    1. Miller, E. Trial of a middle school coach gender violence prevention program. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02331238.

Additional references

    1. Adelman, M. , & Kil, S. H. (2007). Dating conflicts: Rethinking dating violence and youth conflict. Violence Against Women, 13, 1296–1318. 10.1177/1077801207310800. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Anderson, L. A. , & Whiston, S. C. (2005). Sexual assault education programs: A meta‐analytic examination of their effectiveness. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 29, 374–388.
    1. Arriaga, X. B. , & Foshee, V. A. (2004). Adolescent dating violence: Do adolescents follow in their friends', or their parents', footsteps? Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 162–184. 10.1177/0886260503260247 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ashley, O. S. , & Foshee, V. A. (2005). Adolescent help‐seeking for dating violence: Prevalence, sociodemographic correlates, and sources of help. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36, 25–31. 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.12.014 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Australian Human Rights Commission (2017). Change the course: National report on sexual assault and sexual harassment at Australian Universities. Australian Human Rights Commission.

References to included studies

    1. Banyard, V. L. , Plante, E. G. , & Moynihan, M. M. (2005). Rape prevention through bystander education: Final report to NIJ for grant 2002‐WG‐BX‐009. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/208701.pdf
    1. Coker, A. (2013). Evaluation of Green Dot a primary prevention intervention. Retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01878097.
    1. Coker, A. L. , Bush, H. M. , Cook‐Craig, P. G. , DeGue, S. , Clear, E. R. , Brancato, C. J. , … Davenport, M. (2017). Randomized controlled trial testing bystander effectiveness to reduce violence. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 52(5), 566–578. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Das, M. , Ghosh, S. , Miller, E. , O'Connor, B. , & Verma, R (2012). Engaging coaches and athletes in fostering gender equity: Findings from the Parivartan program in Mumbai, India (Unpublished manuscript). International Center for Research on women (ICRW) & Futures Without Violence, New Delhi, India.
    1. Gidycz, C. A. , Orchowski, L. M. , Probst, D. R. , Edwards, K. M. , Murphy, M. , & Tansill, E. (2015). Concurrent administration of sexual assault prevention and risk reduction programming: Outcomes for women. Violence Against Women, 21(6), 780–800. 10.1177/1077801215576579 - DOI - PubMed

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