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Review
. 2023 Jun;13(6):e3000.
doi: 10.1002/brb3.3000. Epub 2023 May 3.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Etiology, neuropathology, and cognitive dysfunction

Baland Jalal  1   2 , Samuel R Chamberlain  3   4 , Barbara J Sahakian  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Etiology, neuropathology, and cognitive dysfunction

Baland Jalal et al. Brain Behav. 2023 Jun.

Abstract

Background: This review provides an overview of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms, including the four partially distinct subtypes of the disorder, current diagnostic criteria, and common comorbidities. Critically, it focuses on the etiology of OCD, including its underlying neuropathology, and examines cognitive dysfunction in OCD.

Methods: This review study was conducted by library method.

Results: We show how dysfunction in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuits may underpin symptoms; and shed light on the putative neurochemistry within these loops such as the role of serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate systems. We also show how OCD is characterized by cognitive dysfunction including problems in cognitive flexibility, visuospatial memory, response inhibition, and goal-directed behavior, linked to aberrant activity within CSTC circuits.

Conclusions: In brief, research questions we shed light on include (1) what are the symptoms in OCD; (2) what is the etiology of the disorder and do existing models explain OCD; and (3) what are key cognitive deficits in OCD and do these improve with treatment?

Keywords: cognitive function; cognitive models; etiology; learning-based models; neuropathology; obsessive-compulsive disorder.

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Conflict of interest statement

BJ has no competing interests to declare. SRC receives honoraria for editorial work at Elsevier in his role as associate editor at NBBR and Comprehensive Psychiatry journals. SRC previously consulted for Promentis (past 3 years). BJS consults for Cambridge Cognition. Authors report no other potential conflicts of interest.

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