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. 2023 May 4;23(1):100.
doi: 10.1186/s12902-023-01351-0.

The prevalence and contributing risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 infection in patients with metabolic syndrome

Zahra Bagheri-Hosseinabadi  1   2 , Fatemeh Moadab  3   4 , Ali Amiri  5 , Mitra Abbasifard  6   7
Affiliations

The prevalence and contributing risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 infection in patients with metabolic syndrome

Zahra Bagheri-Hosseinabadi et al. BMC Endocr Disord. .

Abstract

Background: Components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was reported to contribute to severe and worse outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hereby, we evaluated the association of MetS and its components with susceptibility to COVID-19.

Methods: Here, 1000 subjects with MetS were recruited that were diagnosed via the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criterion. Real-time PCR was exerted to detect SARS-CoV-2 in the nasopharyngeal swabs.

Results: Among the MetS patients, 206 (20.6%) cases were detected to have COVID-19. Smoking (OR = 5.04, 95%CI = 3.53-7.21, P < 0.0001) and CVD (OR = 1.62, 95%CI = 1.09-2.40, P = 0.015) were associated with increased chance of COVID-19 infection in the MetS patients. BMI was significantly higher (P = 0.0001) in MetS cases with COVID-19 than those without COVID-19. Obesity was associated with increased susceptibility to COVID-19 in MetS patients (OR = 2.00, 95%CI = 1.47-2.74, P < 0.0001). Total cholesterol, TG, LDL were significantly higher in the MetS cases with COVID-19 than those without COVID-19. Dyslipidemia was associated with increased chance of COVID-19 (OR = 1.50, 95%CI = 1.10-2.05, P = 0.0104). FBS level was significantly higher in the MetS cases with COVID-19. T2DM was associated with increased risk of COVID-19 in MetS patients (OR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.01-2.00, P = 0.0384). Hypertension was associated with increased chance of COVID-19 in the MetS patients (OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.05-1.98, P = 0.0234).

Conclusions: MetS and its components, like obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular complications were associated with increased chance of COVID-19 infection development and probably with aggravated symptoms in such patients.

Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019; Infection susceptibility; Metabolic syndrome; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to report.

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