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. 2023 May 4;23(1):441.
doi: 10.1186/s12913-023-09380-0.

Readiness of health facilities to manage individuals infected with COVID-19, Uganda, June 2021

Patience Mwine  1 , Immaculate Atuhaire  2 , Sherry R Ahirirwe  2 , Hilda T Nansikombi  2 , Shaban Senyange  2 , Sarah Elayeete  2 , Veronicah Masanja  2 , Alice Asio  2 , Allan Komakech  2 , Rose Nampeera  2 , Edirisa J Nsubuga  2 , Petranilla Nakamya  2 , Andrew Kwiringira  2 , Stella M Migamba  2 , Benon Kwesiga  2   3 , Daniel Kadobera  2   3 , Lillian Bulage  2   3 , Paul E Okello  3 , Sandra Nabatanzi  4 , Fred Monje  2 , Irene B Kyamwine  3 , Alex R Ario  2   3 , Julie R Harris  4
Affiliations

Readiness of health facilities to manage individuals infected with COVID-19, Uganda, June 2021

Patience Mwine et al. BMC Health Serv Res. .

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic overwhelmed the capacity of health facilities globally, emphasizing the need for readiness to respond to rapid increases in cases. The first wave of COVID-19 in Uganda peaked in late 2020 and demonstrated challenges with facility readiness to manage cases. The second wave began in May 2021. In June 2021, we assessed the readiness of health facilities in Uganda to manage the second wave of COVID-19.

Methods: Referral hospitals managed severe COVID-19 patients, while lower-level health facilities screened, isolated, and managed mild cases. We assessed 17 of 20 referral hospitals in Uganda and 71 of 3,107 lower-level health facilities, selected using multistage sampling. We interviewed health facility heads in person about case management, coordination and communication and reporting, and preparation for the surge of COVID-19 during first and the start of the second waves of COVID-19, inspected COVID-19 treatment units (CTUs) and other service delivery points. We used an observational checklist to evaluate capacity in infection prevention, medicines, personal protective equipment (PPE), and CTU surge capacity. We used the "ReadyScore" criteria to classify readiness levels as > 80% ('ready'), 40-80% ('work to do'), and < 40% ('not ready') and tailored the assessments to the health facility level. Scores for the lower-level health facilities were weighted to approximate representativeness for their health facility type in Uganda.

Results: The median (interquartile range (IQR)) readiness scores were: 39% (IQR: 30, 51%) for all health facilities, 63% (IQR: 56, 75%) for referral hospitals, and 32% (IQR: 24, 37%) for lower-level facilities. Of 17 referral facilities, two (12%) were 'ready' and 15 (88%) were in the "work to do" category. Fourteen (82%) had an inadequate supply of medicines, 12 (71%) lacked adequate supply of oxygen, and 11 (65%) lacked space to expand their CTU. Fifty-five (77%) lower-level health facilities were "not ready," and 16 (23%) were in the "work to do" category. Seventy (99%) lower-level health facilities lacked medicines, 65 (92%) lacked PPE, and 53 (73%) lacked an emergency plan for COVID-19.

Conclusion: Few health facilities were ready to manage the second wave of COVID-19 in Uganda during June 2021. Significant gaps existed for essential medicines, PPE, oxygen, and space to expand CTUs. The Uganda Ministry of Health utilized our findings to set up additional COVID-19 wards in hospitals and deliver medicines and PPE to referral hospitals. Adequate readiness for future waves of COVID-19 requires additional support and action in Uganda.

Keywords: COVID-19; Health facilities; Pandemic; Readiness; Second wave; Uganda.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Location of health facilities evaluated for COVID-19 readiness, Uganda, June 2021 *NRH-National referral hospital; RRH- Regional referral hospital; GH- General hospital; HC-Health center
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Health facility readiness to manage COVID-19 cases during the second wave in Uganda, June 2021 *NRH-National referral hospital; RRH- Regional referral hospital; GH- General hospital; HC-Health center
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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