Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 May 6;13(1):7404.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-34530-z.

Plasma chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL9 as potential diagnostic markers of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis

Pavithra Sampath #  1 , Anuradha Rajamanickam #  2 , Kannan Thiruvengadam  3 , Alangudi Palaniappan Natarajan  4 , Syed Hissar  4 , Madhavan Dhanapal  1 , Bharathiraja Thangavelu  5 , Lavanya Jayabal  6 , Paranchi Murugesan Ramesh  7 , Uma Devi Ranganathan  1 , Subash Babu  2 , Ramalingam Bethunaickan  8
Affiliations

Plasma chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL9 as potential diagnostic markers of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis

Pavithra Sampath et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis still remains to be a challenge with the currently used immune based diagnostic methods particularly Interferon Gamma Release Assay due to the sensitivity issues and their inability in differentiating stages of TB infection. Immune markers are valuable sources for understanding disease biology and are easily accessible. Chemokines, the stimulant, and the shaper of host immune responses are the vital hub for disease mediated dysregulation and their varied levels in TB disease are considered as an important marker to define the disease status. Hence, we wanted to examine the levels of chemokines among the individuals with drug-resistant, drug-sensitive, and latent TB compared to healthy individuals. Our results demonstrated that the differential levels of chemokines between the study groups and revealed that CXCL10 and CXCL9 as potential markers of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive TB with better stage discriminating abilities.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Altered chemokine profile among DS-TB and DR-TB groups compared to HC or LTB groups. Statistical differences were analysed by Dunn test corrected for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni test and significant p values < 0.05 were mentioned in the graphs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Heatmaps representing the measured chemokines and their hierarchical clustering across the TB disease spectrum by log 2 conversion and HC group mean normalization.
Figure 3
Figure 3
ROC curves of significant chemokines with AUC > 0.8 showing the diagnostic efficiency between the study groups, (a) HC vs LTB, (b) LTB vs DS-TB, (c) DS-TB vs DR-TB, (d) HC vs DS-TB, (e) HC vs DR-TB and (f) LTB vs DR-TB.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Random-forest analysis plot (A) and principal component analysis plot (B) of top 3 chemokines across the study groups (HC vs LTB vs DS-TB vs DR-TB).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Sub-group comparisons of top 3 chemokines by random-forest analysis (A1 HC vs LTB, A2 HC vs DS-TB, A3 HC vs DR-TB, A4 LTB vs DS-TB, A5 LTB vs DR-TB and A6 DS-TB vs DR-TB) and principal component analysis (B1 HC vs LTB, B2 HC vs DS-TB, B3 HC vs DR-TB, B4 LTB vs DS-TB, B5 LTB vs DR-TB and B6 DS-TB vs DR-TB).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Correlation matrix using spearman rank correlation between the measured chemokines of the study groups, (a) DR-TB, (b) DS-TB, (c) LTB and (d) HC.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Guerreiro R, Santos-Costa Q, Azevedo-Pereira JM. The chemokines and their receptors: Characteristics and physiological functions. Acta Med. Port. 2011;24(Suppl 4):967–976. - PubMed
    1. Paik S, Yang M, Suh H-W, Jo E-K. The roles of chemokines in immune response to mycobacterial infection. J. Bacteriol. Virol. 2020;50:203–217. doi: 10.4167/jbv.2020.50.4.203. - DOI
    1. Kang DD, Lin Y, Moreno J-R, Randall TD, Khader SA. Profiling early lung immune responses in the mouse model of tuberculosis. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e16161. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016161. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Vesosky B, Rottinghaus EK, Stromberg P, Turner J, Beamer G. CCL5 participates in early protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2010;87:1153–1165. doi: 10.1189/jlb.1109742. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kahnert A, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis triggers formation of lymphoid structure in murine lungs. J. Infect. Dis. 2007;195:46–54. doi: 10.1086/508894. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types