Orofacial Manifestations of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Two Case Reports and a Scoping Review

Abstract

Purpose: Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) results from the teratogenic effects of alcohol on the fetus. Oral manifestations are commonly found in FAS and contribute to the diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to provide a review of the literature and describe two cases of FAS.<br/>Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in August 2021 in multiple databases. The cases of two children with FAS are reported.<br/>Results: One hundred sixty-six articles were included. The oral features frequently reported were micrognathia, cleft palate, high arched palate, maxillary hypoplasia, prognathia and crowding. The first patient had systemic and orofacial changes, such as delayed physical and cognitive development, micrognathia, tooth impaction, malocclusion and enamel hypoplasia. The second child had cognitive, and speech and behavioral deficits, but no oral and dental abnormalities.<br/>Conclusion: Dentists should be aware of clinical findings since they may take part in the diagnosis and management of FAS.