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. 2023 Apr;15(2):80-92.
doi: 10.4047/jap.2023.15.2.80. Epub 2023 Apr 25.

Adhesion of biofilm, surface characteristics, and mechanical properties of antimicrobial denture base resin

Ana Beatriz Vilela Teixeira  1 , Mariana Lima da Costa Valente  1 , João Pedro Nunes Sessa  1 , Bruna Gubitoso  1 , Marco Antonio Schiavon  2 , Andréa Cândido Dos Reis  1
Affiliations

Adhesion of biofilm, surface characteristics, and mechanical properties of antimicrobial denture base resin

Ana Beatriz Vilela Teixeira et al. J Adv Prosthodont. 2023 Apr.

Abstract

Purpose: This study incorporated the nanomaterial, nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgVO3), into heat-cured resin (HT) at concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% and compared the adhesion of multispecies biofilms, surface characteristics, and mechanical properties with conventional heat-cured (HT 0%) and printed resins.

Materials and methods: AgVO3 was incorporated in mass into HT powder. A denture base resin was used to obtain printed samples. Adhesion of a multispecies biofilm of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Streptococcus mutans was evaluated by colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) and metabolic activity. Wettability, roughness, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to assess the physical characteristics of the surface. The mechanical properties of flexural strength and elastic modulus were tested.

Results: HT 10%-AgVO3 showed efficacy against S. mutans; however, it favored C. albicans CFU/mL (P < .05). The printed resin showed a higher metabolically active biofilm than HT 0% (P < .05). There was no difference in wettability or roughness between groups (P > .05). Irregularities on the printed resin surface and pores in HT 5%-AgVO3 were observed by SEM. HT 0% showed the highest flexural strength, and the resins incorporated with AgVO3 had the highest elastic modulus (P < .05).

Conclusion: The incorporation of 10% AgVO3 into heat-cured resin provided antimicrobial activity against S. mutans in a multispecies biofilm did not affect the roughness or wettability but reduced flexural strength and increased elastic modulus. Printed resin showed higher irregularity, an active biofilm, and lower flexural strength and elastic modulus than heat-cured resin.

Keywords: 3D print resin; Antimicrobial; Heat-cured resin; Silver nanoparticles.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Photomicrograph of vanadate nanowires and silver nanoparticles of AgVO3.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Colony Forming Units per milliliter (CFU/mL) of multispecies biofilm of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Streptococcus mutans formed for 48 hours in printed resin, conventional heat-cured resin (HT 0%), and antimicrobial resins incorporated with different concentrations of silver vanadate nanostructured decorated with silver nanoparticles (HT 2.5%, 5%, and 10%). Mean and standard deviation. ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc. A,B,C,D,EEqual letters indicate a statistical difference for each microorganism (P < .05).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. Metabolic activity of multispecies biofilm of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Streptococcus mutans formed for 48 hours in printed resin, conventional heat-cured resin (HT 0%), and antimicrobial resins incorporated with different concentrations of silver vanadate nanostructured decorated with silver nanoparticles (HT 2.5%, 5%, and 10%). Mean and standard deviation. ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc. A,BEqual letters indicate a statistical difference (P < .05).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of printed resin, conventional heat-cured resin (HT 0%), and antimicrobial resins incorporated with different concentrations of silver vanadate nanostructured decorated with silver nanoparticles (HT 2.5%, 5%, and 10% AgVO3). (A) Printed resin (× 1000 magnification), (B) HT 0% (× 1000 magnification), (C) HT 2.5% AgVO3 (× 1000 magnification), (D) HT 5% AgVO3 (× 1000 magnification), (E) HT 5% AgVO3 (× 100 magnification), (F) HT 10% AgVO3 (× 1000 magnification). Arrows indicate AgVO3 particles.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. Average roughness and micrographs of printed resin, conventional heat-cured resin (HT 0%), and antimicrobial resins incorporated with different concentrations of silver vanadate nanostructured decorated with silver nanoparticles (HT 2.5%, 5%, and 10% AgVO3) obtained in laser confocal microscope (× 5 magnification). (A) Roughness (mean and standard deviation), there was no statistical difference among the groups (P > .05), (B) Printed, (C) HT 0%, (D) HT 2.5%, (E) HT 5%, (F) HT 10%. Arrows indicate AgVO3 particles.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. Contact angle between distilled water and surface of printed resin, conventional heat-cured resin (HT 0%), and antimicrobial resins incorporated with different concentrations of silver vanadate nanostructured decorated with silver nanoparticles (HT 2.5%, 5%, and 10% AgVO3). Mean and standard deviation. ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc (P < .05). There was no statistical difference among the groups.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7. Mechanical properties of printed resin, conventional heat-cured resin (HT 0%), and antimicrobial resins incorporated with different concentrations of silver vanadate nanostructured decorated with silver nanoparticles (HT 2.5%, 5%, and 10% AgVO3). Mean and standard deviation. ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc. (A) Flexural strength, (B) Elastic modulus. A,B,C,D,E,F,GEqual letters indicate a statistical difference (P < .05).
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