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. 2023 Apr 21;130(16):161001.
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.161001.

Temporal Structures in Electron Spectra and Charge Sign Effects in Galactic Cosmic Rays

M Aguilar  1 L Ali Cavasonza  2 G Ambrosi  3 L Arruda  4 N Attig  5 C Bagwell  6 F Barao  4 L Barrin  7 A Bartoloni  8 S Başeğmez-du Pree  9 R Battiston  10   11 M Behlmann  6 N Belyaev  6 J Berdugo  1 B Bertucci  3   12 V Bindi  13 K Bollweg  14 J Bolster  6 B Borgia  8   15 M J Boschini  16 M Bourquin  17 E F Bueno  9 J Burger  6 W J Burger  10 S Burmeister  18 X D Cai  6 M Capell  6 J Casaus  1 G Castellini  19 F Cervelli  20 Y H Chang  21 G M Chen  22   23 G R Chen  24 H S Chen  22   23 Y Chen  17   24 L Cheng  24 H Y Chou  21 S Chouridou  2 V Choutko  6 C H Chung  2 C Clark  6   14 G Coignet  25 C Consolandi  13 A Contin  26   27 C Corti  13 Z Cui  28   24 K Dadzie  6 A Dass  10   11 C Delgado  1 S Della Torre  16 M B Demirköz  29 L Derome  30 S Di Falco  20 V Di Felice  31 C Díaz  1 F Dimiccoli  10 P von Doetinchem  13 F Dong  32 F Donnini  3 M Duranti  3 A Egorov  6 A Eline  6 F Faldi  3   12 J Feng  6 E Fiandrini  3   12 P Fisher  6 V Formato  31 C Freeman  13 C Gámez  1 R J García-López  33 C Gargiulo  7 H Gast  2 M Gervasi  16   34 F Giovacchini  1 D M Gómez-Coral  13 J Gong  32 C Goy  25 V Grabski  35 D Grandi  16   34 M Graziani  3   12 A N Guracho  8 S Haino  21 K C Han  36 R K Hashmani  29 Z H He  37 B Heber  18 T H Hsieh  6 J Y Hu  22   23 M Incagli  20 W Y Jang  38 Yi Jia  6 H Jinchi  36 G Karagöz  29 B Khiali  31 G N Kim  38 Th Kirn  2 O Kounina  6 A Kounine  6 V Koutsenko  6 D Krasnopevtsev  6 A Kuhlman  13 A Kulemzin  6 G La Vacca  16   34 E Laudi  7 G Laurenti  26 G LaVecchia  6 I Lazzizzera  10   11 H T Lee  39 S C Lee  21 H L Li  24 J Q Li  32 M Li  2 Q Li  32 Q Y Li  24 S Li  2 S L Li  22   23 J H Li  28 Z H Li  22   23 J Liang  28 M J Liang  22   23 C Light  13 C H Lin  21 T Lippert  5 J H Liu  40 S Q Lu  21 Y S Lu  22 K Luebelsmeyer  2 J Z Luo  32 Xi Luo  24 F Machate  2 C Mañá  1 J Marín  1 J Marquardt  18 T Martin  6   14 G Martínez  1 N Masi  26 D Maurin  30 T Medvedeva  6 A Menchaca-Rocha  35 Q Meng  32 V V Mikhailov  41 M Molero  33 P Mott  6   14 L Mussolin  3   12 J Negrete  13 N Nikonov  2 F Nozzoli  10 J Ocampo-Peleteiro  1 A Oliva  26 M Orcinha  4 M Palermo  13 F Palmonari  26   27 M Paniccia  17 A Pashnin  6 M Pauluzzi  3   12 S Pensotti  16   34 V Plyaskin  6 M Pohl  17 S Poluianov  42 X Qin  6 Z Y Qu  24 L Quadrani  26   27 P G Rancoita  16 D Rapin  17 A Reina Conde  26 E Robyn  17 S Rosier-Lees  25 A Rozhkov  6 D Rozza  16 R Sagdeev  43 S Schael  2 A Schultz von Dratzig  2 G Schwering  2 E S Seo  44 B S Shan  45 T Siedenburg  2 J W Song  28 X J Song  24 R Sonnabend  2 L Strigari  8 T Su  24 Q Sun  28 Z T Sun  22   23 M Tacconi  16   34 X W Tang  22 Z C Tang  22 J Tian  31 Samuel C C Ting  6   7 S M Ting  6 N Tomassetti  3   12 J Torsti  46 T Urban  6   14 I Usoskin  42 V Vagelli  3   47 R Vainio  46 M Valencia-Otero  48 E Valente  8   15 E Valtonen  46 M Vázquez Acosta  33 M Vecchi  9 M Velasco  1 J P Vialle  25 C X Wang  28 L Wang  40 L Q Wang  28 N H Wang  28 Q L Wang  40 S Wang  13 X Wang  6 Yu Wang  28 Z M Wang  24 J Wei  17   24 Z L Weng  6 H Wu  32 R Q Xiong  32 W Xu  28   24 Q Yan  6 Y Yang  49 I I Yashin  41 A Yelland  6 H Yi  32 Y M Yu  6 Z Q Yu  22 M Zannoni  16   34 C Zhang  22 F Zhang  22 F Z Zhang  22   23 J H Zhang  32 Z Zhang  6 F Zhao  22   23 C Zheng  24 Z M Zheng  45 H L Zhuang  22 V Zhukov  2 A Zichichi  26   27 P Zuccon  10   11 AMS Collaboration
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Free article

Temporal Structures in Electron Spectra and Charge Sign Effects in Galactic Cosmic Rays

M Aguilar et al. Phys Rev Lett. .
Free article

Abstract

We present the precision measurements of 11 years of daily cosmic electron fluxes in the rigidity interval from 1.00 to 41.9 GV based on 2.0×10^{8} electrons collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station. The electron fluxes exhibit variations on multiple timescales. Recurrent electron flux variations with periods of 27 days, 13.5 days, and 9 days are observed. We find that the electron fluxes show distinctly different time variations from the proton fluxes. Remarkably, a hysteresis between the electron flux and the proton flux is observed with a significance of greater than 6σ at rigidities below 8.5 GV. Furthermore, significant structures in the electron-proton hysteresis are observed corresponding to sharp structures in both fluxes. This continuous daily electron data provide unique input to the understanding of the charge sign dependence of cosmic rays over an 11-year solar cycle.

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