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Review
. 2023 May 9;5(5):CD003781.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003781.pub3.

Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults

Akvile Stoniute #  1 , Priya Madhuvrata #  2 , Madeleine Still  1 , Evelyn Barron-Millar  1 , Ghulam Nabi  3 , Muhammad Imran Omar  4   5
Affiliations
Review

Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults

Akvile Stoniute et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract
in English, Korean

Background: Around 16% of adults have symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB; urgency with frequency and/or urge incontinence), with prevalence increasing with age. Anticholinergic drugs are commonly used to treat this condition. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2002 and last updated in 2006.

Objectives: To assess the effects of anticholinergic drugs compared with placebo or no treatment for treating overactive bladder syndrome in adults.

Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Specialised Register, which contains trials identified from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO ICTRP and handsearching of journals and conference proceedings (searched 14 January 2020), and the reference lists of relevant articles. We updated this search on 3 May 2022, but these results have not yet been fully incorporated.

Selection criteria: We included randomised or quasi-randomised trials in adults with overactive bladder syndrome that compared an anticholinergic drug alone with placebo treatment.

Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently assessed eligibility and extracted data from the included studies, including an assessment of the risk of bias. We assessed the certainty of the body of evidence using the GRADE approach. We processed data as described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.

Main results: We included 104 studies, 71 of which were new or updated for this version of the review. Although 12 studies did not report the number of participants, there were 47,106 people in the remainder of the included studies. The majority of the studies had insufficient information to allow judgement of risk of bias and we judged them to be unclear for all domains. Nine anticholinergic drugs were included in these studies: darifenacin; fesoterodine; imidafenacin; oxybutynin; propantheline; propiverine; solifenacin; tolterodine and trospium. No studies were found that compared anticholinergic drugs to no treatment. At the end of the treatment period, anticholinergics may slightly increase condition-specific quality of life (mean difference (MD) 4.41 lower, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.28 lower to 3.54 lower (scale range -100 to 0); 12 studies, 6804 participants; low-certainty evidence). Anticholinergics are probably better than placebo in terms of patient perception of cure or improvement (risk ratio (RR) 1.38, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.66; 9 studies, 8457 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), and the mean number of urgency episodes per 24-hour period (MD 0.85 lower, 95% CI 1.03 lower to 0.67 lower; 23 studies, 16,875 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Compared to placebo, anticholinergics may result in an increase in dry mouth adverse events (RR 3.50, 95% CI 3.26 to 3.75; 66 studies, 38,368 participants; low-certainty evidence), and may result in an increased risk of urinary retention (RR 3.52, 95% CI 2.04 to 6.08; 17 studies, 7862 participants; low-certainty evidence). Taking anticholinergics may be more likely to lead to participants withdrawing from the studies due to adverse events (RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.56; 61 studies, 36,943 participants; low-certainty evidence). However, taking anticholinergics probably reduces the mean number of micturitions per 24-hour period compared to placebo (MD 0.85 lower, 95% CI 0.98 lower to 0.73 lower; 30 studies, 19,395 participants; moderate-certainty evidence).

Authors' conclusions: The use of anticholinergic drugs by people with overactive bladder syndrome results in important but modest improvements in symptoms compared with placebo treatment. In addition, recent studies suggest that this is generally associated with only modest improvement in quality of life. Adverse effects were higher with all anticholinergics compared with placebo. Withdrawals due to adverse effects were also higher for all anticholinergics except tolterodine. It is not known whether any benefits of anticholinergics are sustained during long-term treatment or after treatment stops.

배경: 성인의 약 16%가 과민성 방광(OAB; 절박성 빈뇨 및/또는 절박 요실금) 증상을 보이며 나이가 들수록 유병률이 증가한다. 항콜린성 약물은 일반적으로 이 상태를 치료하는 데 사용된다. 이것은 2004년에 처음 게시되고 2019년에 마지막으로 업데이트된 Cochrane Review의 업데이트이다. 목적: 성인의 과민성 방광 증후군 치료를 위한 위약 또는 무치료와 비교하여 항콜린제의 효과를 평가한다. 검색 전략: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL), MEDLINE, MEDLINE In‐Process, MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO ICTRP에서 식별된 임상시험을 포함하는 Cochrane Incontinence Specialized Register를 검색하고 저널 및 회의자료(2020년 1월 14일 검색)및 관련 기사의 참조 목록을 직접 검색했다. 2022년 5월 3일에 이 검색을 업데이트했지만 이 결과가 아직 완전히 통합되지 않았다. 선정 기준: 항콜린성 약물 단독과 위약 치료를 비교한 과민성 방광 증후군이 있는 성인의 무작위 또는 준 무작위 시험을 포함했다. 자료 수집 및 분석: 2명의 검토 저자가 독립적으로 적격성을 평가하고 비뚤림 위험 평가를 포함하여 포함된 연구에서 데이터를 추출했다. GRADE 접근 방식을 사용하여 근거의 확실성을 평가했다. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions에 설명된 대로 데이터를 처리했다. 주요 결과: 104개의 연구를 포함했으며, 이 중 71개는 이 검토 버전에서 신규 또는 업데이트되었다. 12개의 연구가 참가자 수를 보고하지 않았지만 포함된 나머지 연구에는 47,106명이 있었다. 대부분의 연구는 비뚤림 위험을 판단할 수 있는 정보가 충분하지 않았으며 모든 영역에서 불분명하다고 판단했다. 9가지 항콜린성 약물이 이 연구에 포함되었다: 다리페나신; 페소테로딘; 이미다페나신; 옥시부티닌; 프로판텔린; 프로피베린; 솔리페나신; 톨테로딘 및 트로스피움. 항콜린제를 치료하지 않은 것과 비교한 연구는 발견되지 않았다. 치료 기간이 끝날 때 항콜린제는 상태별 삶의 질을 약간 증가시킬 수 있다(평균 차이(MD) 4.41 낮음, 95% 신뢰 구간(CI) 5.28 낮음 ~ 3.54 낮음(규모 범위 ‐100 ~ 0), 12건의 연구, 6804명의 참가자, 근거 확실성이 낮음). 항콜린제는 치료 또는 개선에 대한 환자의 인식(위험비(RR) 1.38, 95% CI 1.15 ~ 1.66, 9개 연구, 8457명의 참가자, 근거 확실성 중간) 및 24시간 기간 당 평균 긴급 에피소드 수 측면에서 위약보다 더 나을 것이다(MD 0.85 낮음, 95% CI 1.03 낮음 ~ 0.67 낮음, 23개 연구, 참가자 16,875명, 근거 확실성 중간). 위약과 비교하여 항콜린제는 구강 건조 부작용을 증가시킬 수 있으며(RR 3.50, 95% CI 3.26 ~ 3.75; 66개 연구, 38,368명의 참가자, 근거 확실성 낮음) 요폐 위험 증가(RR 3.52, 95% CI 2.04 ~ 6.08, 연구 17개, 참가자 7862명, 근거 확실성 낮음)를 초래할 수 있다. 항콜린제를 복용하면 부작용으로 인해 참가자가 연구에서 제외될 가능성이 더 높을 수 있다(RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.21 ~ 1.56; 61개 연구, 36,943명 참가자, 근거 확실성 낮음). 그러나 항콜린제를 복용하면 위약에 비해 24시간당 평균 배뇨 횟수가 감소할 수 있다(MD 0.85 낮음, 95% CI 0.98 낮음에서 0.73 낮음, 30개 연구, 19,395명 참가자, 근거 확실성 중간). 연구진 결론: 과민성 방광 증후군이 있는 사람들이 항콜린제를 사용하면 위약 치료에 비해 중요하지만 약간의 증상 개선이 나타난다. 또한 최근 연구에 따르면 이것이 일반적으로 삶의 질이 약간만 향상되는 것과 관련이 있다고 한다. 부작용은 위약에 비해 모든 항콜린제에서 더 높았다. 부작용으로 인한 중단도 tolterodine을 제외한 모든 항콜린제에서 더 높았다. 장기 치료 중 또는 치료 중단 후에도 항콜린제의 이점이 지속되는지 여부는 알려져 있지 않다.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01340027 NCT00137397 NCT00801944 NCT00220363 NCT00337090 NCT01302067 NCT00629642 NCT00536484 NCT00928070 NCT01922115 NCT00143377 NCT00444925 NCT01972841 NCT01767519 NCT00212732 NCT00862745 NCT00611026 NCT01302054 NCT00454896 NCT00689104 NCT01043666 NCT00903045 NCT02143570 NCT00138723 NCT01302938 NCT01093534 NCT00143481 NCT03492281 NCT00573508 NCT00798434 NCT00911937 NCT00966004 NCT00196404 NCT00922506 NCT02540707 NCT00189800 NCT00269750 NCT00338624 NCT00350636 NCT01833663 NCT00553657 NCT03632772 NCT03817931.

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Conflict of interest statement

The declarations below are current up to three years prior to publication date of this protocol, in accordance with Cochrane's Commercial Sponsorship Policy.

AS: none known. PM: none known. MS: none known. EBM: none known. GN: none known. MIO: none known.

Figures

1
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PRISMA study flow diagram (covering searches from inception to this current version of the review)
2
2
Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
3
3
Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
4
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1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 1: Mean change from baseline in condition‐specific quality of life
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 2: Patient perception of cure or improvement
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 3: Mean number of urgency episodes per 24 hours
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 4: Adverse events: Dry mouth
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 5: Adverse events: Urinary retention/high residual volume
1.6
1.6. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 6: Adverse events: Abdominal pain
1.7
1.7. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 7: Adverse events: Blurred vision
1.8
1.8. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 8: Adverse events: Constipation
1.9
1.9. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 9: Adverse events: Cough
1.10
1.10. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 10: Adverse events: Dizziness
1.11
1.11. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 11: Adverse events: Dry eyes
1.12
1.12. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 12: Adverse events: Dyspepsia/indigestion
1.13
1.13. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 13: Adverse events: Flu‐like symptoms/fatigue
1.14
1.14. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 14: Adverse events: Headache
1.15
1.15. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 15: Adverse events: Insomnia (unable to sleep)
1.16
1.16. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 16: Adverse events: Nasopharyngitis/sore throat
1.17
1.17. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 17: Adverse events: Nausea
1.18
1.18. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 18: Adverse events: Pruritus/erythema
1.19
1.19. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 19: Adverse events: Urinary tract infection (UTI)
1.20
1.20. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 20: Withdrawal due to adverse events
1.21
1.21. Analysis
Comparison 1: Anticholinergics versus placebo, Outcome 21: Mean number of micturitions per 24 hours
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

References

References to studies included in this review

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Burgio 1998 {published data only}
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Cardozo 2004a {published data only}
    1. Cardozo L, Kuzmin I, Lisec ML, Millard R, Vierssen Trip OB, Ridder AM, et al. YM905: Results of a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial in patients with symptomatic overactive bladder (Abstract number 104). European Urology Supplements 2003;2(1):28. [sr-incont27407]
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    1. Cardozo L, Lisec M, Millard R, Vierssen Trip O, Kuzmin I, Drogendijk TE, et al. Randomized, double-blind placebo controlled trial of the once daily antimuscarinic agent solifenacin succinate in patients with overactive bladder. Journal of Urology 2004;172(5 (Pt 1 of 2)):1919-24. [srincont-19090] - PubMed
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Cardozo 2008a {published data only}
    1. Cardozo L, Adamik Z, Guimaraes M, Krhut J, Labat J-J, Petrov S, et al. Patients with overactive bladder show progressive improvement in urgency and bladder condition during treatment with solifenacin in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (SUNRISE) (Abstract number 115). International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 2007;18(Suppl 1):S67-8. [srincont-26595]
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Chaliha 1998 {published data only}
    1. Chaliha C, Halaska M, Stanton S. Trospium chloride for the treatment of detrusor instability: a placebo-controlled dose-finding study (Abstract 276). British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1998;105(Suppl 17):92. [srincont-8452]
Chapple 2004a {published and unpublished data}
    1. Chapple C. Fesoterodine a new effective and well-tolerated antimuscarinic for the treatment of urgency-frequency syndrome: results of a phase 2 controlled study (Abstract 142). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2004;23(5/6):598-9. [srincont-19023]
    1. Drug company. A Phase 2, parallel group, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled dose-ranging trial to determine the optimal dose and the tolerability of sustained release SPM 8272 (fesoterodine) in subjects with non-neurogenic bladder overactivity. Protocol numbers: A0221027 (SP582). ClinicalStudyResults.org (accessed 3 March 2011) 2002. [Protocol numbers: A0221027 (SP582)] [srincont-41110]
Chapple 2004b {published data only}
    1. Cardozo L, Herschorn S, Snijder R, Siddiqui E, Chapple CR. Does BMI, gender or age affect efficacy/tolerability of solifenacin in the management of overactive bladder? International Urogynecology Journal 2017;28(3):477-88. - PubMed
    1. Chapple CR, Arano P, Bosch JH, De Ridder D, Kramer G, Ridder AM. YM905 appears effective and well tolerated in patients with symptomatic idiopathic detrusor overactivity in a European placebo- and tolterodine-controlled, phase-II, dose-finding study (Abstract 75). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2002;21(4):381-2. [srincont-14551]
    1. Chapple CR, Araño P, Bosch JL, De Ridder D, Kramer AE, Ridder AM. Solifenacin appears effective and well tolerated in patients with symptomatic idiopathic detrusor overactivity in a placebo- and tolterodine-controlled phase 2 dose-finding study. BJU International 2004;93(1):71-7. [srincont-17334] - PubMed
    1. Kelleher CJ, Cardozo L, Chapple CR, Haab F, Ridder AM. Improved quality of life in patients with overactive bladder symptoms treated with solifenacin. BJU International 2005;95(1):81-5. [srincont-20241] - PubMed
    1. Smith N, Grimes I, Ridge S, Tempel D, Uchida T, Yamanouchi US. YM905 is effective and safe as treatment of overactive bladder in women and men: results from phase II study (Abstract). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 32nd Annual Meeting; 2002 Aug 28-30; Heidelberg, Germany. 2002:138-9. [sr-incont14508]
Chapple 2004c {published data only}
    1. Cardozo L, Herschorn S, Snijder R, Siddiqui E, Chapple CR. Does BMI, gender or age affect efficacy/tolerability of solifenacin in the management of overactive bladder? International Urogynecology Journal 2017;28(3):477-88. - PubMed
    1. Chapple C, Rechberger T, Al-Shukri S, Meffan P, Everaert K, Ridder A. Results of a randomized phase 3 study comparing solifenacin succinate with tolterodine and placebo in patients with symptomatic overactive bladder (Abstract). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2003;22(5):534-5. [sr-incont16991]
    1. Chapple CR, Rechberger T, Al Shukri S, Meffan P, Everaert K, Huang M, et al. Randomized, double-blind placebo- and tolterodine-controlled trial of the once-daily antimuscarinic agent solifenacin in patients with symptomatic overactive bladder. BJU International 2004;93(3):303-10. [srincont-17270] - PubMed
Chapple 2007a {published and unpublished data}
    1. Chapple C, Van Kerrebroeck P, Tubaro A, Haag-Molkenteller C, Forst HT, Massow U, et al. Clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of once-daily fesoterodine in subjects with overactive bladder [Erratum appears in: European Urology 2008,53(6):1319]. European Urology 2007;52(4):1204-12. [NCT00220363] [SP583] [srincont-23875] - PubMed
    1. Chapple C, Van Kerrebroeck P, Tubaro A, Millard R. Fesoterodine in non-neurogenic voiding dysfunction - results on efficacy and safety in a phase 3 trial (Abstract number 379). In: 21st Annual European Association of Urology (EAU) Congress; 2006 Apr 5-8; Paris, France. 2006. [srincont-41109]
    1. Chapple C, Van Kerrebroeck P, Tubaro A, Wang JT, Hvidsten K, Brodsky M. Efficacy of fesoterodine in patients with overactive bladder (OAB): improvements in OAB symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQL) (Poster abstract number 1188). Journal of Urology 2007;177(4 Suppl S):392. [srincont-31882]
    1. Chapple CR, Kerrebroeck PE, Jünemann KP, Wang JT, Brodsky M. Comparison of fesoterodine and tolterodine in patients with overactive bladder. BJU International 2008;102(9):1128-32. [srincont-29255] - PubMed
    1. Goldman HB, Oelke M, Kaplan SA, Kitta T, Russell D, Carlsson M, et al. Do patient characteristics predict which patients with overactive bladder benefit from a higher fesoterodine dose? International Urogynecology Journal 2019;30(2):239-44. - PubMed
Chapple 2007b {published data only}
    1. Chapple C, DuBeau C, Ebinger U, Rekeda L, Viegas A. Darifenacin treatment of patients >or= 65 years with overactive bladder: results of a randomized, controlled, 12-week trial. Current Medical Research and Opinion 2007;23(10):2347-58. [srincont-23921] - PubMed
Chapple 2013 {published data only}
    1. Chapple CR, Dvorak V, Radziszewski P, Kerrebroeck P, Wyndaele JJ, Bosman B, et al. A phase II dose-ranging study of mirabegron in patients with overactive bladder. International Urogynecology Journal 2013;24(9):1447-58. [178-CL-044] [NCT00337090] [TrialID.DRAGON.] [sr-incont48549] - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT00337090 . A study of YM178 in patients with symptomatic overactive bladder (DRAGON) [A randomized, double-blind, parallel group, placebo and active controlled, multicenter dose ranging study with the beta-3 agonist YM178 in patients with symptomatic overactive bladder]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00337090 (first received 15 June 2006). [EudraCT2005-002256-17] [JapicCTI-R130350] [NCT00337090] [sr-incont63803]
Chapple 2014 {published data only}
    1. Chapple C, Haab F, Schneider T, Carlsson M, Arumi D. Fesoterodine 8 mg versus fesoterodine 4 mg in patients with overactive bladder and a history of previous antimuscarinic therapy: Results from the EIGHT trial (Abstract number: Poster #M5). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2015;34(S1):S20. [NCT01302067] [sr-incont68509]
    1. Chapple C, Schneider T, Haab F, Sun F, Whelan L, Scholfield D, et al. Superiority of fesoterodine 8mg versus fesoterodine 4 mg in reducing urgency urinary incontinence episodes in subjects with overactive bladder: results of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled EIGHT trial (Abstract number: Podium #48). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2014;33(2):183-4. [NCT01302067] [sr-incont67484] - PubMed
    1. Chapple C, Schneider T, Haab F, Sun F, Whelan L, Scholfield D, et al. Superiority of fesoterodine 8mg vs 4mg in reducing urgency urinary incontinence episodes in patients with overactive bladder: results of the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled EIGHT trial. BJU International 2014;114(3):418-26. [A0221095] [NCT01302067] [TrialID.EIGHT] [srincont-62537] - PubMed
    1. NCT01302067. A 12 week study to confirm the effectiveness of 8mg of Fesoterodine compared to 4mg of Fesoterodine [A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel group, multicenter trial in overactive bladder subjects to confirm the efficacy of 8 mg fesoterodine compared to 4 mg fesoterodine]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01302067 (first received 23 February 2011). [NCT01302067] [sr-incont63792]
Chu 2009 {published data only}
    1. Cardozo L, Herschorn S, Snijder R, Siddiqui E, Chapple CR. Does BMI, gender or age affect efficacy/tolerability of solifenacin in the management of overactive bladder? International Urogynecology Journal 2017;28(3):477-88. [sr-incont75259] - PubMed
    1. Chu F, Smith N, Uchida T. Efficacy and safety of solifenacin succinate 10 mg once daily: a multicenter, phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial in patients with overactive bladder. Current Therapeutic Research - Clinical and Experimental 2009;70(6):405-20. [srincont-43324] - PMC - PubMed
Chua 2018 {published data only}
    1. Chua ME, See MC, Esmeňa EB, Balingit JC, Morales ML. Efficacy and safety of gabapentin in comparison to solifenacin succinate in adult overactive bladder treatment. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms 2018;10(2):135-42. [NCT01486706] [sr-incont74529] - PubMed
    1. NCT01486706, Chua ME. Efficacy and safety of gabapentin in treating overactive bladder (OAB). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01486706 (first received 6 December 2011). [NCT01486706] [SLMC10-010] [sr-incont49864]
De Ridder 2012 {published data only}
    1. Amarenco G, Sutory M, Fagertun H, Wright M, Compion G, De Ridder D. Solifenacin is effective and well tolerated in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity: Preliminary results from the SONIC urodynamic study (Abstract). European Urology, Supplements 2012;11(1):e467-a. [EudraCT2006-005523-42] [NCT00629642] [sr-incont65392]
    1. Amarenco G, Sutory M, Zachoval R, Agarwal M, Del PG, Tretter R, et al. Solifenacin is effective and well tolerated in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity: Results from the double-blind, randomized, active- and placebo-controlled SONIC urodynamic study. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2017;36(2):414-21. [EudraCT2006-005523-42] [JapicCTI-R130306] [NCT00629642] [sr-incont72248] - PubMed
    1. De Ridder D, Amarenco G, Finazzi-Agro E, Angulo J, Kurenkov A, Wright M, et al. Solifenacin treatment for neurogenic detrusor overactivity: patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from the randomised clinical trial SONIC (Abstract number 333). In: International Continence (ICS); 42nd Annual Meeting; 2012 Oct 15-19; Beijing, China. 2012. [905-EC-005] [EudraCT2006-005523-42] [NCT00629642] [TrialID.SONIC.] [srincont-49739]
Dmochowski 2008 {published data only}
    1. Chancellor MB, Oefelein MG, Vasavada S. Obesity is associated with a more severe overactive bladder disease state that is effectively treated with once-daily administration of trospium chloride extended release. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2010;29(4):551-4. [sr-incont39591] - PubMed
    1. Dmochowski R, Staskin D, Sand P, Zinner N. Trospium chloride 60 mg once daily improves quality of life in subjects with overactive bladder syndrome (Abstract number 277). In: International Continence Society (ICS); 37th Annual Meeting; 2008 Aug 20-24; Rotterdam, the Netherlands. 2007. [srincont-26679]
    1. Dmochowski RR, Rosenberg MT, Zinner NR, Staskin DR, Sand PK. Extended-release trospium chloride improves quality of life in overactive bladder. Value in Health 2010;13(2):251-7. [srincont-40049] - PubMed
    1. Dmochowski RR, Sand PK, Zinner NR, Staskin DR. Trospium 60 mg once daily (QD) for overactive bladder syndrome: results from a placebo-controlled interventional study. Urology 2008;71(3):449-54. [srincont-27107] - PubMed
    1. Dmochowski RR, Zinner NR, Sand PK. Trospium chloride extended-release formulation provides effective relief for the symptoms of overactive bladder, improves patient-reported quality of life, and is well tolerated: Results from a multicenter, phase III, placebo-controlled study (Abstract). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2007;26(Suppl 7):1105-6. [srincont-26692]
Dmochowski 2010 {published data only}
    1. Dmochowski R, Peters KM, Morrow JD, Guan Z, Gong J, Sun F, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of flexible-dose fesoterodine for overactive bladder (Abstract number 715). In: International Continence Society (ICS); 39th Annual Meeting; 2009 Sep 29-Oct 03; San Francisco, CA. 2009. [sr-incont35627]
    1. Dmochowski RR, Peters KM, Morrow JD, Guan Z, Gong J, Sun F, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of flexible-dose fesoterodine in subjects with overactive bladder [Errata appear in: Urology 2010 Jun;75(6):1519 and in Urology 2011 Jun;77(6):1513]. Urology 2010;75(1):62-8. [A0221014] [NCT00536484] [sr-incont39548] - PubMed
    1. DuBeau C, Kraus SR, Sun F, Morrow JD. Fesoterodine in older vs younger subjects with overactive bladder (Abstract number D87). Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2010;58:S218. [NCT00536484] [sr-incont64309]
    1. Goldman HB, Oelke M, Kaplan SA, Kitta T, Russell D, Carlsson M, et al. Do patient characteristics predict which patients with overactive bladder benefit from a higher fesoterodine dose? International Urogynecology Journal 2019;30(2):239-44. [sr-incont78640] - PubMed
    1. NCT00536484. Fesoterodine flexible dose study [A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fesoterodine flexible dose regimen in patients with overactive bladder]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00536484 (first received 27 September 2007). [NCT00536484] [sr-incont49160]
Dorschner 2000 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Chapple CR, Madersbacher H, Dreikorn K, Dorschner W, Murtz G. Urodynamics and frequency/volume chart - do they correlate? Treatment analysis of propiverine in comparison to oxybutynin and placebo in urge incontinence (Abstract number 224). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 31st Annual Meeting; 2001 Sep 18-21; Seoul, Korea. 2001. [sr-incont14474]
    1. Dorschner W, Stolzenburg JU, Griebenow R, Halaska M, Brünjes R, Frank M, et al. The elderly patient with urge incontinence or urge-stress incontinence - efficacy and cardiac safety of propiverine [Der ältere Patient mit Drang-Symptomatik bzw. kombinierter Drang/Stress-Inkontinenz-Wirksamkeit und kardiale Sicherheit von Propiverin]. Aktuelle Urologie 2003;34(2):102-8. [sr-incont16422] - PubMed
    1. Dorschner W, Stolzenburg JU, Griebenow R, Halaska M, Schubert G, Mürtz G et al. Efficacy and cardiac safety of propiverine in elderly patients - a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. European Urology 2000;37(6):702-8. [srincont-11660] - PubMed
Drutz 1999 {published data only}
    1. Drutz H, Appell RA. Clinical efficacy and safety of Tolterodine vs Oxybutynin and placebo in patients with unstable bladder. Acta Obstetrica et Gynecologica Scandinavica 1997;Suppl 167(5):24. [srincont-6671]
    1. Drutz HP, Appell RA, Gleason D, Klimberg I, Radomski S. Clinical efficacy and safety of tolterodine compared to oxybutynin and placebo in patients with overactive bladder. International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 1999;10(5):283-9. [srincont-8804] - PubMed
    1. Drutz HP, Appell RA. Enhanced tolerability of tolterodine compared to oxybutynin in a controlled clinical study. International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 1997;8(1):S14. [srincont-5166] - PubMed
DuBeau 2014 {published data only}
    1. DuBeau C, Kraus SR, Griebling TL, Newman D, Wyman J, Ouslander J, et al. Fesoterodine is effective and well tolerated in vulnerable elderly subjects with urgency incontinence: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study (Abstract number 1352). Journal of Urology 2012;187(4 Suppl 1):e548-9. [sr-incont65273] - PubMed
    1. DuBeau CE, Kraus SR, Griebling TL, Newman DK, Wyman JF, Johnson TM, et al. Effect of fesoterodine in vulnerable elderly subjects with urgency incontinence: a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Journal of Urology 2014;191(2):395-404. [A0221049] [NCT00928070] [srincont-50446] - PubMed
    1. Goldman HB, Oelke M, Kaplan SA, Kitta T, Russell D, Carlsson M et al. Do patient characteristics predict which patients with overactive bladder benefit from a higher fesoterodine dose? International Urogynecology Journal 2019;30(2):239-44. - PubMed
    1. Griebling TL, Kraus SR, Newman DK, Wyman JF, Johnson TM, Sun F, et al. Patient characteristics are not predictive of fesoterodine efficacy in elderly patients with urgency urinary incontinence (Abstract number 1049). Journal of Urology 2013;189(Suppl 4):e430. [sr-incont65350]
    1. Johnson TM, Faison W, Newman DK, Kraus SR, Griebling TL, Wyman JF, et al. Effect of fesoterodine on urgency incontinence and incontinence absorbent product usage in vulnerable elderly subjects with urgency incontinence (Abstract number A43). Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2013;61:S32. [sr-incont65231]
Elbaset 2019 {published data only}
    1. Elbaset M, Taha D, Zahran M, Ezzat O, Elhefnawy AS, Elkenawy M, et al. Subjective and objective scales assessment after retreatment with anticholinergics post botox-faded effects in refractory idiopathic overactive bladder: a prospective single blinded randomized trial (Abstract number 132). European Urology, supplements 2019;18(1):e172. [sr-incont78652]
    1. Elbaset MA, Taha DE, El-Hefnawy AS, Zahran MH, Shokeir AA. Assessment of anticholinergic use after fading of BTX-A effects in refractory idiopathic overactive bladder: a prospective blinded randomized trial. International Neurourology Journal 2019;23(3):240-8. [sr-incont78605] - PMC - PubMed
EUCTR2004‐001116‐31‐ES {published data only}
    1. EUCTR2004-001116-31-ES. Multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel group confirmatory Phase III study to compare the efficacy and safety of cizolirtine citrate 300 mg bid (600 mg/d), cizolirtine citrate 400 mg bid (800 mg/d), placebo, and tolterodine 2 mg bid (4 mg/d) in the treatment of urge urinary incontinence. clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=eudract_number:2004-00... (first received 03 November 2004). [ESCLIN-002/04] [EUCTR2004-001116-31-ES] [sr-incont64643]
EUCTR2004‐002143‐27‐AT {published data only}
    1. EUCTR2004-002143-27-AT. A double-blind, stratified, randomised, parallel, placebo-controlled, multi-centre study to compare the efficacy and safety of duloxetine hydrochloride (40mg twice a day) and tolterodine tartrate (XL) (4mg once daily) with placebo in patients with symptoms of Urge Urinary Incontinence. clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=eudract_number:2004-00... (first received 15 February 2005). [1208.15] [EUCTR2004-002143-27-AT] [sr-incont64640]
EUCTR2007‐004126‐24‐CZ {published data only}
    1. EUCTR2007-004126-24-CZ. A placebo controlled randomized, 12-week, dose-ranging, double-blind study versus placebo using tolterodine as a study calibrator, to evaluate efficacy and safety of SSR240600C in women with overactive bladder including urge urinary incontinence. clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=eudract_number:2007-00... (first received 12 December 2007). [DRI6271] [EUCTR2007-004126-24-CZ] [EudraCT2007-004126-24] [NCT00564226] [TrialID.BILADY] [sr-incont64596]
    1. NCT00564226. SSR240600C treatment in women with overactive bladder (BILADY) [A placebo controlled randomized, 12-week, dose-ranging, double-blind study versus placebo using tolterodine as a study calibrator, to evaluate efficacy and safety of SSR240600C in women with overactive bladder including urge urinary incontinence]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00564226 (first received 27 November 2007). [DRI6271] [EudraCT2007-004126-24] [NCT00564226] [TrialID.BILADY] [sr-incont63784]
Geller 2013 {published data only}
    1. Geller E, Dumond J, Bowling JM, Khandelwal C, Wu J, Busby-Whitehead J, et al. Effect of an anticholinergic on cognitive function in postmenopausal women: a randomized trial (Abstract number: oral poster 52). Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery 2016;22(5):S61. [sr-incont78607]
    1. Geller EJ, Dumond JB, Bowling JM, Khandelwal CM, Wu JM, Busby-Whitehead J, et al. Effect of trospium chloride on cognitive function in women aged 50 and older: a randomized trial. Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery 2017;23(2):118-23. [13-1352] [NCT01922115] [sr-incont74341] - PubMed
    1. NCT01922115. The effect of anticholinergics on cognitive function in the elderly (ACE) [The effect of anticholinergics on cognitive function in the elderly: a randomized controlled trial]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01922115 (first received 14 August 2013). [13-1352] [NCT01922115] [TrialID.ACE] [sr-incont49282]
Gotoh 2011 {published data only}
    1. Gotoh M, Homma Y, Yokoyama O, Nishizawa O. Responsiveness and minimal clinically important change in overactive bladder symptom score. Urology 2011;78(4):768-73. [srincont-42622] - PubMed
    1. Gotoh M, Yokoyama O, Matsukawa Y, Nishizawa O. Responsiveness of overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS): verification based on data in a double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled study of propiverine hydrochloride in Japanese patients (Abstract number 338). In: Joint Meeting of the International Continence Society (ICS) and the International Urogynecological Association; 2010 Aug 23-27; Toronto, Canada. 2010. [srincont-40173]
    1. Gotoh M, Yokoyama O, Nishizawa O. Propiverine hydrochloride in Japanese patients with overactive bladder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. International Journal of Urology 2011;18(5):365-73. [srincont-41510] - PubMed
Griebenow 1994 {published data only}
    1. Griebenow R, Wieners F, Lange T. Possible induction of cardiac dysrhythmia in elderly patients under therapy with propiverine hydrochloride (Abstract). Neurourology and Urodynamics 1994;13:430-2. [sr-incont2681]
Haab 2004 {published data only}
    1. Haab F, Stewart L, Dwyer P. Darifenacin, an M3 selective receptor antagonist, is an effective and well-tolerated once-daily treatment for overactive bladder. European Urology 2004;45(4):420-9. [srincont-17428] - PubMed
Hajebrahimi 2014 {published data only}
    1. Hajebrahimi S, Motlagh RS, Bazargani HS, Babaie H. Efficacy of tadalafil in treatment of overactive bladder syndrome: a randomized controlled trial (Abstract number OP.3.6Dec.27). International Journal of Urology 2014;21:A146. [IRCT2013030212668N1] [sr-incont67256]
    1. IRCT2013030212668N1. Effect of tadalafil in treatment of overactive bladder [Comparison of the efficacy of tadalafil, toltrodine and placebo in reduction of symptoms severity of women with urgency, frequency syndrom / overactive bladder]. en.irct.ir/trial/12692 (first received 26 January 2013). [91189] [IRCT2013030212668N1] [sr-incont78643]
Halaska 1994 {published data only}
    1. Halaska M, Dorschner W, Frank M. Treatment of urgency and incontinence in elderly patients with propiverine hydrochloride. Neurourology and Urodynamics 1994;13(4):428-30. [srincont-2680]
Herschorn 2008 {published data only}
    1. Herschorn S, Heesakkers J, Castro-Diaz D, Wang JT, Brodsky M, Guan Z. Effects of tolterodine extended release on patient perception of bladder condition and overactive bladder symptoms*. Current Medical Research and Opinion 2008;24(12):3513-21. [A6121122] [NCT00143377] [srincont-29250] - PubMed
    1. Herschorn S, Heesakkers J, Castro-Diaz D, Wang JT, Guan Z, Brodsky M. Tolterodine extended release (TER) improves objective and subjective outcomes after 1 week of treatment in patients with overactive bladder (Abstract number 132). International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 2007;18(Suppl 1):S78-9. [srincont-26602]
Herschorn 2009a {published data only}
    1. Corcos J, Angulo JC, Garely AD, Carlsson M, Gong J, Guan Z. Effect of fesoterodine 4 mg on bladder diary and patient-reported outcomes during the first week of treatment in subjects with overactive bladder. Current Medical Research and Opinion 2011;27(5):1059-65. [srincont-41596] - PubMed
    1. EUCTR2006-006935-38-SE. 12-week, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy,placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fesoterodine in comparison to tolterodine ER in patients with overactive bladder. clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=eudract_number:2006-00... (first received 16 April 2007). [A0221008] [EUCTR2006-006935-38-SE] [NCT00444925] [sr-incont64612]
    1. Herschorn S, Swift S, Guan Z, Carlsson M, Brodsky M, Gong J. Efficacy and safety of fesoterodine for overactive bladder in a double-blind, head-to-head comparison trial with tolterodine ER and placebo (Abstract number 710). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 39th Annual Meeting; 2009 Sep 29-Oct 3; San Francisco, CA. 2009. [srincont-35326]
    1. Herschorn S, Swift S, Guan Z, Carlsson M, Morrow JD, Brodsky M, et al. Comparison of fesoterodine and tolterodine extended release for the treatment of overactive bladder: a head-to-head placebo-controlled trial. BJU International 2010;105(1):58-66. [A0221008] [EUCTR2006-006935-38-SE] [NCT00444925] [sr-incont39540] - PubMed
    1. NCT00444925. Clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Fesoterodine in comparison to Tolterodine for overactive bladder (OAB) [12-week, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy,placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fesoterodine in comparison to tolterodine ER in patients with overactive bladder (OAB)]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00444925 (first received 08 March 2007). [EUCTR2006-006935-38-SE] [NCT00444925] [sr-incont49159]
Herschorn 2017a {published data only}
    1. EUCTR2012-005735-91-SK. A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo- and active-controlled, multi-center study to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of combinations of solifenacin succinate and mirabegron compared to solifenacin succinate and mirabegron monotherapy in the treatment of overactive bladder. clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=eudract_number:2012-00... (first received 12 November 2013). [178-CL-101] [EUCTR2012-005735-91-SK] [sr-incont78644]
    1. Herschorn S, Chapple CR, Abrams P, Arlandis S, Mitcheson D, Lee KS, et al. Efficacy and safety of combinations of mirabegron and solifenacin compared with monotherapy and placebo in patients with overactive bladder (SYNERGY study). BJU International 2017;120(4):562-75. [NCT01972841] [sr-incont74470] - PubMed
    1. Mueller ER, Robinson D, Kelleher C, Staskin DR, Falconer C, Wang J, et al. Patient reported outcomes from synergy, a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study evaluating combinations of mirabegron and solifenacin compared with mirabegron and solifenacin monotherapy (Abstract number - Podium #44). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2017;36(Suppl S1):S151-2. [NCT01972841] [sr-incont75944] - PubMed
    1. NCT01972841. This was a multinational study comparing the efficacy and safety of two medicines, solifenacin succinate and mirabegron taken together, or separately, or a mock treatment (placebo) in subjects with symptoms of overactive bladder (SYNERGY) [A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo- and active-controlled, multi-center study to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of combinations of solifenacin succinate and mirabegron compared to solifenacin succinate and mirabegron monotherapy in the treatment of overactive bladder]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01972841 (first received 31 October 2013). [178-CL-101] [EUCTR2012-005735-91] [NCT01972841] [sr-incont63780]
    1. Robinson D, Kelleher C, Staskin D, Mueller ER, Falconer C, Wang J, et al. Patient-reported outcomes from SYNERGY, a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study evaluating combinations of mirabegron and solifenacin compared with monotherapy and placebo in OAB patients. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2018;37(1):394-406. [NCT01972841] [sr-incont76906] - PubMed
Herschorn 2017b {published data only}
    1. Herschorn S, Kohan A, Aliotta P, McCammon K, Sriram R, Abrams S, et al. The efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxin A or solifenacin compared with placebo in solifenacin naive patients with refractory overactive bladder: results from a multicenter, randomized, double-blind phase 3b trial. Journal of Urology 2017;198(1):167-75. [NCT01767519] [sr-incont74491] - PubMed
    1. NCT01767519. A study evaluating the efficacy and safety of BOTOX® or solifenacin in patients with overactive bladder and urinary incontinence. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01767519 (first received 14 January 2013). [191622-125] [NCT01767519] [sr-incont49909]
Hill 2005 {published data only}
    1. Hill S, Khullar V, Quebe-Fehling E, Steel M. Darifenacin in the treatment of overactive bladder: dose-response effects on urinary symptoms in phase III trials (Abstract number 145). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 35th Annual Meeting; 2005 Aug 28-Sep 2; Montreal, Canada. 2005. [srincont-21072]
    1. Hill S, Khullar V, Quebe-Fehling E, Steel M. Darifenacin in the treatment of overactive bladder: dose-response effects on urinary symptoms in phase III trials (Abstract number 145). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 35th Annual Meeting; 2005 Aug 28-Sep 2; Montreal, Canada. 2005. [sr-incont21072]
    1. Hill S, Khullar V, Wyndaele JJ, Lheritier K, . Dose response with darifenacin, a novel once-daily M3 selective receptor antagonist for the treatment of overactive bladder: results of a fixed dose study. International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor 2006;17(3):239-47. [srincont-22464] - PubMed
Homma 2003 {published data only}
    1. Homma Y, Kawabe K. Health-related quality of life of Japanese patients with overactive bladder treated with extended-release tolterodine or immediate-release oxybutynin: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. World Journal of Urology 2004;22(4):251-6. [srincont-19412] - PubMed
    1. Homma Y, Paick JS, Lee JG, Kawabe K, Japanese and Korean Tolterodine Study Group. Clinical efficacy and tolerability of extended-release tolterodine and immediate-release oxybutynin in Japanese and Korean patients with an overactive bladder: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. BJU International 2003;92(7):741-7. [srincont-16418] - PubMed
Homma 2008 {published data only}
    1. Homma Y, Yamaguchi T, Yamaguchi OA. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II dose-finding study of the novel anti-muscarinic agent imidafenacin in Japanese patients with overactive bladder. International Journal of Urology 2008;15(9):809-15. [srincont-27742] - PubMed
Homma 2009 {published data only}
    1. Homma Y, Yamaguchi O, Imidafenacin Study Group. A randomized, double-blind, placebo- and propiverine-controlled trial of the novel antimuscarinic agent imidafenacin in Japanese patients with overactive bladder. International Journal of Urology 2009;16(5):499-506. [NCT00212732] [ONO-8025-08] [srincont-31368] - PubMed
Huang 2012 {published data only}
    1. Huang A, Hess R, Arya L, Richter H, Subak L, Bradley C, et al. A randomized controlled trial of simple diagnosis and treatment for urgency urinary incontinence in women (Abstract). Journal of General Internal Medicine 2011;26:S1. [NCT00862745] [sr-incont64391]
    1. Huang AJ, Hess R, Arya LA, Richter HE, Subak LL, Bradley CS, et al. Pharmacologic treatment for urgency-predominant urinary incontinence in women diagnosed using a simplified algorithm: a randomized trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012;206(5):444.e1-11. [GA0221IX] [NCT00862745] [TrialID.BRIDGES.] [srincont-44636] - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT00862745, Brown J. Bringing simple urge incontinence diagnosis & treatment to providers (BRIDGES) [A multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial comparing fesoterodine to placebo in women diagnosed with urge urinary incontinence by the 3 Incontinence Questions (3IQ). Followed by a multi-center open label clinical cohort study of long-term effects of treatment with fesoterodine ]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00862745 (first received 17 March 2009). [NCT00862745] [sr-incont49836]
    1. Warsi Q, Huang A, Brown JS, Schembri M, Hess R, Arya LA, et al. The effect of pharmacologic treatment of urgency urinary incontinence on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness (Abstract number: paper 37). Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery 2016;22(5 ):S17-8. [NCT00862745] [TrialID.BRIDGES.] [sr-incont78633]
    1. Warsi QA, Huang AJ, Hess R, Arya LA, Richter HE, Bradley CS, et al. Association of pharmacologic treatment of urgency urinary incontinence with sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018;131(2):204-11. [NCT00862745] [sr-incont78239] - PMC - PubMed
Jacquetin 2001 {published data only}
    1. Jacquetin B, Wyndaele JJ. Tolterodine reduces the number of incontinence episodes in patients with an overactive bladder. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 2001;98(1):97-102. [srincont-12200] - PubMed
    1. Jacquetin B, Wyndaele JJ. Tolterodine reduces the number of incontinence episodes in patients with detrusor overactivity. International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 1997;8(1):S30. [srincont-5167]
Jonas 1997 {published data only}
    1. Jonas U, Hofner K, Madersbacher H, Holmdahl TH. Efficacy and safety of two doses of Tolterodine compared to placebo in patients with detrusor overactivity. Neurourology and Urodynamics 1997;16(5):477-8. [srincont-5841]
    1. Jonas U, Höfner K, Madersbacher H, Holmdahl TH. Efficacy and safety of two doses of tolterodine versus placebo in patients with detrusor overactivity and symptoms of frequency, urge incontinence, and urgency: urodynamic evaluation. The International Study Group. World Journal of Urology 1997;15(2):144-51. [srincont-5436] - PubMed
Junemann 2000 {published data only}
    1. Junemann KP, Al-Shukri S. Efficacy and tolerability of trospium chloride and tolterodine in 234 patients with urge-syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre clinical trial (Abstract number 85B). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2000;19(4):488-90. [srincont-9976]
Junemann 2006 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Jünemann KP, Hessdörfer E, Unamba‐Oparah I, Berse M, Brünjes R, Madersbacher H. Propiverine hydrochloride immediate and extended release: comparison of efficacy and tolerability in patients with overactive bladder. Urologia Internationalis 2006;77(4):334-9. [srincont-22199] - PubMed
Kaplan 2011 {published and unpublished data}
    1. EUCTR2007-006451-39-SE. 12-week, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo controlled, parallel-group, multicenter trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fesoterodine in comparison to tolterodine ER in patients with overactive bladder. clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=eudract_number:2007-00... (first received 20 February 2008). [A0221046] [EUCTR2007-006451-39-SE] [sr-incont64591]
    1. Kaplan SA, Schneider T, Foote J, Guan Z. Superior efficacy of fesoterodine over tolterodine with rapid onset: a prospective, head-to-head, placebo-controlled trial (Abstract number 67). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2010;29(6):905-7. [srincont-40130]
    1. Kaplan SA, Schneider T, Foote JE, Guan Z, Carlsson M, Gong J. Superior efficacy of fesoterodine over tolterodine extended release with rapid onset: a prospective, head-to-head, placebo-controlled trial. BJU International 2011;107(9):1432-40. [A0221046] [NCT00611026] [srincont-41334] - PubMed
Kaplan 2014 {published data only}
    1. Cardozo L, Kaplan S, Herschorn S, Grenabo L, Carlsson M, Arumi D, et al. A randomised controlled trial of fesoterodine in subjects with overactive bladder and suboptimal response to tolterodine extended release: results from the after study (Abstract number 740) [Erratum appears in: European Urology 2014;65(5):e78]. European Urology Supplements 2013;12(1):e740-1. [NCT01302054] [sr-incont63732]
    1. Cardozo L, Kaplan S, Herschorn S, Grenabo L, Carlsson M, Arumi D, et al. Erratum: A randomised controlled trial of fesoterodine in subjects with overactive bladder and suboptimal response to tolterodine extended release: results from the AFTER study [Erratum available in: European Urology Supplement 2013;2012:e740-1]. European Urology 2014;65(5):e78 . [A0221094] [NCT01302054] [TrialID.AFTER.] [sr-incont61642]
    1. Grenabo L, Herschorn S, Kaplan SA, Cardozo L, Scholfield D, Arumi D, et al. Characteristics of antimuscarinic responders versus suboptimal responders in a randomized clinical trial of patients with overactive bladder symptoms. Current Medical Research and Opinion 2017;33(10):1731-6. [NCT01302054] [TrialID.AFTER.] [sr-incont76695] - PubMed
    1. Kaplan SA, Cardozo L, Herschorn S, Grenabo L, Carlsson M, Arumi D, et al. Efficacy and safety of fesoterodine 8 mg in subjects with overactive bladder after a suboptimal response to tolterodine ER. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2014;68(9):1065-73. [A0221094] [NCT01302054] [TrialID.AFTER.] [srincont-63977] - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kaplan SA, Herschorn S, Carlsson M, Ntanios F. Urgency urinary incontinence response rates in subjects with overactive bladder treated with fesoterodine 8 mg after suboptimal response to tolterodine extended release 4 mg: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Abstract number 546). In: International Continence Society (ICS); 43rd Annual Meeting; 2013 Aug 26-30; Barcelona, Spain. 2013. [NCT01302054] [TrialID.AFTER.] [sr-incont49730]
Karram 2009 {published data only}
    1. Capo JP, Toglia M, Forero-Schwanhaeuser S, He W. Patients reporting severe overactive bladder symptoms: effects of solifenacin treatment on objective measures and patient-reported outcomes (Abstract number 582). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 38th Annual Meeting; 2008 Oct 20-24; Cairo, Egypt. 2008. [srincont-31844]
    1. Cardozo L, Herschorn S, Snijder R, Siddiqui E, Chapple CR. Does BMI, gender or age affect efficacy/tolerability of solifenacin in the management of overactive bladder? International Urogynecology Journal 2017;28(3):477-88. - PubMed
    1. Karram MM, Toglia MR, Serels SR, Andoh M, Fakhoury A, Forero-Schwanhaeuser S. Treatment with solifenacin increases warning time and improves symptoms of overactive bladder: results from VENUS, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Urology 2009;73(1):14-8. [A0221094] [NCT00454896] [TrialID.VENUS.] [srincont-29219] - PubMed
    1. Serels SR, Toglia MR, Forero-Schwanhaeuser S, He W. Impact of solifenacin on diary-recorded and patient-reported urgency in patients with severe overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. Current Medical Research and Opinion 2010;26(10):2277-85. [srincont-40376] - PubMed
    1. Staskin D, Dmochowski R, Serels S, Andoh M, Smith N. Report from a randomized, placebo-controlled study showing significant improvement in urgency and patient-reported outcomes in overactive bladder patients treated with solifenacin (Abstract number 124). International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 2007;18(Suppl 1):S73-4. [srincont-26600]
Khullar 2004 {published data only}
    1. Khullar V, Hill S, Laval KU, Schiotz HA, Jonas U, Versi E. Treatment of urge-predominant mixed urinary incontinence with tolterodine extended release: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Urology 2004;64(2):269-74; discussion 274-5. [srincont-19498] - PubMed
    1. Khullar V, Hill S, Solanki J. Assessment of health-related quality of life in patients with overactive bladder taking tolterodine extended release versus placebo (Abstract number 318). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 35th Annual Meeting; 2005 Aug 28-Sep 2; Montreal, Canada. 2005. [sr-incont21075]
Khullar 2013 {published data only}
    1. Aballéa S, Maman K, Thokagevistk K, Nazir J, Odeyemi IA, Hakimi Z, et al. Cost effectiveness of mirabegron compared with tolterodine extended release for the treatment of adults with overactive bladder in the United Kingdom. Clinical Drug Investigation 2015;35(2):83-93. [NCT00689104] [sr-incont66445] - PMC - PubMed
    1. Arlandis-Guzmán S, Brenes-Bermúdez F, Jiménez-Cidre MA, Rubio-Rodríguez D, Rubio-Terrés C, Mora AM, et al. Cost effectiveness of Mirabegron and antimuscarinic drugs in patients with hiperactive bladder [Coste-efectividad de mirabegrón y los antimuscarínicos en pacientes con vejiga hiperactiva]. Archivos Espanoles de Urologia 2018;71(10):809-24. [NCT00689104] [sr-incont78645] - PubMed
    1. EUCTR2007-001451-19-ES. A randomized, double-blind, parallel group, placebo and active controlled, multicenter study to assess the efficacy and safety of the beta-3 agonist YM178 (50 mg qd and 100 mg qd) in subjects with symptoms of overactive bladder - SCORPIO [Estudio multicentrico, aleatorizado, doble ciego, de grupos paralelos, controlado con placebo y tratamiento activo, para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad del agonista beta-3 YM178 (50 mg, una vez al dia y 100 mg, una vez al dia) en pacientes con sintomas de vejiga hiperactiva]. clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=eudract_number:2007-00... (first received 05 June 2008). [EUCTR2007-001451-19-ES] [sr-incont78646]
    1. Herschorn S, Nazir J, Ramos B, Hakimi Z. Cost-effectiveness of mirabegron compared to tolterodine ER 4 mg for overactive bladder in Canada. Canadian Urological Association Journal 2017;11(3-4):123-30. [NCT00689104] [sr-incont76807] - PMC - PubMed
    1. Khullar V, Amarenco G, Angulo J, Boerrigter P, Blauwet M, Hakimi Z. The potent and selective beta3-adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron improves patient-reported outcomes in the treatment of overactive bladder (Abstract number MP-12.16). Urology 2012;80(3 Suppl 1):S123. [sr-incont65379]
Kosilov 2014a {published data only}
    1. Kosilov KV, Loparev S, Ivanovskaya M, Kosilova L. Treatment of overactive bladder in older women increased doses of antimuscarinic drugs safe and effective alternative to existing methods. Advances in Gerontology [Uspekhi Gerontologii] 2014;27(1):149-55. [ISSN: 1561-9125] [sr-incont63914] - PubMed
Kosilov 2015a {published data only}
    1. Kosilov K, Loparev S, Ivanovskaya M, Kosilova L. A randomized, controlled trial of effectiveness and safety of management of OAB symptoms in elderly men and women with standard-dosed combination of solifenacin and mirabegron. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 2015;61(2):212-6. [sr-incont68133] - PubMed
Kosilov 2015b {published data only}
    1. Kosilov KV, Loparev SA, Ivanovskaya MA, Kosilova LV. The efficacy of different doses of solifenacin in elderly patients after treating a urinary tract infection. Arab Journal of Urology Print 2015;13(3):203-8. [sr-incont69283] - PMC - PubMed
Kreder 2002 {published data only}
    1. Kreder K, Pleil AM, Reese PR, Kelleher J. Effects of long-term tolterodine treatment on social and psychological aspects of health-related quality of life in overactive bladder patients (Abstract). Journal of Urology 2002;167(Suppl 4):29. [sr-incont17591]
Kuo 2015 {published data only}
    1. Hsiao SM, Chang TC, Chen CH, Wu WY, Lin HH. Comparisons of the clinical outcomes and urodynamic effects of mirabegron versus tolterodine treatment for female overactive bladder syndrome: a subgroup analysis of a controlled, randomised, prospective study. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms 2018;10(3):215-20. [NCT01043666] [sr-incont74461] - PubMed
    1. Kuo HC, Lee KS, Na Y, Sood R, Nakaji S, Kubota Y, et al. Results of a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo- and active-controlled, multicenter study of mirabegron, a beta3-adrenoceptor agonist, in patients with overactive bladder in Asia. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2015;34(7):685-92. [NCT01043666] [sr-incont68095] - PubMed
    1. Kuo H‐C, Lin H‐H, Yu H‐J, Cheng C‐L, Hung M‐J, Lin AT. Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of mirabegron in a Taiwanese population with overactive bladder and comparison with other clinical trials [Erratum available in: Urological Science 2015;26(2):148]. Urological Science 2015;26(1):41-8 . [NCT01043666] [sr-incont68645]
    1. NCT01043666. A study of YM178 in subjects with symptoms of overactive bladder [Phase III study of YM178: a randomized, double-blind, parallel group, placebo and active controlled, multi-center study in subjects with symptoms of overactive bladder]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01043666 (first received 07 January 2010). [178-CL-090] [NCT01043666] [sr-incont63781]
Lackner 2011 {published data only}
    1. Lackner TE, Wyman JF, McCarthy TC, Monigold M, Davey C. Efficacy of oral extended-release oxybutynin in cognitively impaired older nursing home residents with urge urinary incontinence: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2011;12(9):639-47. [sr-incont42677] - PubMed
    1. Lackner TE, Wyman JF, McCarthy TC, Monigold M, Davey C. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the cognitive effect, safety, and tolerability of oral extended-release oxybutynin in cognitively impaired nursing home residents with urge urinary incontinence. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2008;56(5):862-70. [sr-incont27117] - PubMed
Landis 2004 {published data only}
    1. Landis JR, Kaplan S, Swift S, Versi E. Efficacy of antimuscarinic therapy for overactive bladder with varying degrees of incontinence severity. Journal of Urology 2004;171(2 Pt 1):752-6. [sr-incont17327] - PubMed
Lee 2006 {published data only}
    1. Lee KS, Choo MS, Kim DY, Kim JC, Kim HJ, Min KS, et al. Combination treatment with propiverine hydrochloride plus doxazosin controlled release gastrointestinal therapeutic system formulation for overactive bladder and coexisting benign prostatic obstruction: a prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter study. Journal of Urology 2005;174(4 Pt 1):1334-8. [sr-incont21016] - PubMed
    1. Lee KS, Choo MS, Paick JS, Lee JG, Seo JT, Lee JZ, et al. Propiverine hydrochloride reduced frequency and perception of urgency in treatment of overactive bladder: a 12 week prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study (Abstract number 279). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 36th Annual Meeting; 2006 Nov 27-Dec 1; Christchurch, New Zealand. 2006. [srincont-26640]
    1. Lee KS, Lee HW, Choo MS, Paick JS, Lee JG, Seo JT, et al. Urinary urgency outcomes after propiverine treatment for an overactive bladder: the 'Propiverine study on overactive bladder including urgency data'. BJU International 2010;105(11):1565-70. [2005-01-08] [NCT00903045] [PROUD] [sr-incont39958] - PubMed
    1. NCT00903045. Urinary urgency outcomes following propiverine treatment for an overactive bladder [Urinary urgency outcomes following propiverine treatment for an overactive bladder: propiverine study on overactive bladder including urgency data (PROUD)]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00903045 2005;(first received 15 May 2009). [2005-01-08] [NCT00903045] [TrialID.PROUD] [sr-incont49860]
Luis 2018 {published data only}
    1. Luis V, Loyola JP, Melissa C, Felipe M, San Martin C. Efficacy of darifenacin use combined with pelvic floor physiotherapy in overactive bladder syndrome treatment in women (Abstract number 434). International Urogynecology Journal 2018;29(Suppl 1):S220-1. [NCT02143570] [sr-incont78617]
    1. NCT02143570, Cifuentes M, Martinez F. Efficacy of darifenacin and physiotherapy for the treatment of overactive bladder in women. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02143570 (first received 21 May 2014). [NCT02143570] [sr-incont61781]
Madersbacher 1999 {published data only}
    1. Chapple CR, Madersbacher H, Dreikorn K, Dorschner W, Murtz G. Urodynamics and frequency/volume chart - do they correlate? Treatment analysis of propiverine in comparison to oxybutynin and placebo in urge incontinence (Abstract 224). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 31st Annual Meeting; 2001 Sept 18-21; Seoul, Korea. 2001. [sr-incont14474]
    1. Halaska M, Madersbacher H, Voigt R, Hofner K, Martan A. Propiverine in patients with urgency and urge incontinence - a placebo controlled, multicentre study comparing its tolerability and efficacy with oxybutynin (Abstract number FDP36). International Urogynaecology Journal 2000;11(Suppl 1):S46. [srincont-11912]
    1. Madersbacher H, Halaska M, Voigt R, Alloussi S, Hofner K. A urodynamically controlled multicenter study in patients with urge incontinence: tolerability and efficacy of propiverine hydrochloride in comparison to oxybutynin. In: International Continence Society (ICS), 27th Annual Meeting; 1997 Sep 23-26; Yokohama, Japan. 1997:153-4. [srincont-5854]
    1. Madersbacher H, Halaska M, Voigt R, Alloussi S, Höfner K. A placebo-controlled, multicentre study comparing the tolerability and efficacy of propiverine and oxybutynin in patients with urgency and urge incontinence. BJU International 1999;84(6):646-51. [srincont-9166] - PubMed
Malone‐Lee 2001 {published data only}
    1. Malone-Lee JG, Walsh B, Maugourd MF, Tolterodine in the Elderly Study Group. The safety and clinical efficacy of two doses of tolterodine compared to placebo in elderly patients. In: International Continence Society (ICS), 27th Annual Meeting; 1997 Sep 23-26; Yokohama, Japan. 1997:155-6. [srincont-5855]
    1. Malone‐Lee JG, Walsh JB, Maugourd MF. Tolterodine: A safe and effective treatment for older patients with overactive bladder. Journal of the American Geriatric Society 2001;49(6):700-5. [srincont-12319] - PubMed
    1. Wagg A, Malone-Lee J. Pressure-flow variables in patients treated with tolterodine for detrusor overactivity. BJU International 2003;92(9):969-71. [sr-incont16659] - PubMed
Millard 1999 {published data only}
    1. Millard R, Tuttle J, Moore K, Susset J, Clarke B, Dwyer P, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of tolterodine compared to placebo in detrusor overactivity. Journal of Urology 1999;161(5):1551-5. [sr-incont8172] - PubMed
    1. Moore K, Millard R, Dwyer P, Tuttle J. A randomized controlled multicentre trial of tolterodine in detrusor instability/hyperreflexia. International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 1997;8(Suppl 1):S129. [sr-incont5171]
    1. Rosamilia A, Dwyer PL, Clarke B, Moore K, Millard RP, Tuttle J. The clinical efficacy and safety of two doses of Tolterodine in detrusor instability. Acta Obstetrica et Gynecologica Scandinavica 1997;6(Suppl 167):24. [sr-incont6670]
Mitcheson 2019 {published data only}
    1. Dmochowski R, Mitcheson D, Frenkl T, Bennett N, Mudd PN. Durable efficacy and safety of long-term once-daily vibegron, a novel oral B-3 adrenergic receptor agonist: A 52-week phase 2 study in patients with overactive bladder syndrome (Abstract number PD50-03). Journal of Urology 2018;199(4):e970-1. [sr-incont78091]
    1. EUCTR2010-022121-15-IT. A phase IIb randomized, placebo- and active comparator (tolterodine)-controlled, 2 part clinical study of the efficacy and safety of MK-4618 in patients with overactive bladder - MK4618-008 [A 52-week extension to: a phase iib randomized, placebo- and active comparator (tolterodine)-controlled, 2-part clinical study of the efficacy and safety of mk-4618 in patients with overactive bladder]. clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=eudract_number:2010-02... (first received 12 April 2011). [EUCTR2010-022121-15-IT] [MK4618-008] [NCT01314872] [sr-incont78639]
    1. Mitcheson D, Frenkl T, Samanta S, Anne Pinto C, Green S, Bennett N, et al. Vibegron, a novel once daily oral beta-3 agonist, significantly reduces average daily micturitions, urge incontinence episodes and urgency episodes in patients with overactive bladder (Abstract number: podium #34). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2018;37(Suppl 1):S565. [EUCTR2010-022121-15-IT] [NCT01314872] [sr-incont78618]
    1. Mitcheson D, Pinto CA, Frenkl T, Chen L, Prasad M, Mudd PN. Once daily vibegron improves quality of life measures in patients with overactive bladder (Abstract number PUK17). Value in Health 2018;21(Suppl 1):S267-8. [EUCTR2010-022121-15-IT] [NCT01314872;] [sr-incont78619]
    1. Mitcheson HD, Samanta S, Muldowney K, Pinto CA, Rocha BA, Green S, et al. Vibegron (RVT-901/MK-4618/KRP-114V) administered once daily as monotherapy or concomitantly with tolterodine in patients with an overactive bladder: a multicenter, phase IIb, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. European Urology 2019;75(2):274-82. [NCT01314872] [sr-incont78620] - PubMed
Nitti 2005 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Drug company. A phase 2, parallel group, stratified, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of 3 different dosages of sustained release fesoterodine in subjects with overactive bladder showing either involuntary detrusor contractions or normal findings during the baseline urodynamic assessment. Protocol numbers: A0221029 (SP668). ClinicalStudyResults.org (accessed 3 March 2011). [srincont-41111]
    1. Nitti V, Wiatrak M, Kreitman L, Lipsitz D. Fesoterodine is an effective antimuscarinic for patients with overactive bladder (OAB): results of a phase 2 trial (Abstract number 306). In: International Continence Society (ICS); 35th Annual Meeting; 2005 Aug 28-Sep 2; Montreal, Canada. 2005. [srincont-21084]
Nitti 2007 {published data only}
    1. Goldman HB, Oelke M, Kaplan SA, Kitta T, Russell D, Carlsson M et al. Do patient characteristics predict which patients with overactive bladder benefit from a higher fesoterodine dose? International Urogynecology Journal 2019;30(2):239-44. - PubMed
    1. Nitti VW, Dmochowski R, Sand PK, Forst HT, Haag-Molkenteller C, Massow U, et al. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of fesoterodine for overactive bladder syndrome. Journal of Urology 2007;178(6):2488-94. [NCT00138723] [SP584] [srincont-26313] - PubMed
Olshansky 2006 {published data only}
    1. Olshansky B, Foote J, Arguinzoniz M, Lheritier K, Quebe-Fehling E, Steel M. Cardiovascular safety of darifenacin and tolterodine in patients with overactive bladder (OAB) (Abstract number 49). International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 2006;17(Suppl 2):S86-7. [sr-incont34186]
Oreskovic 2012 {published data only}
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Orri 2014 {published data only}
    1. NCT01302938. Web-based methodology trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tolterodine ER in subjects with overactive bladder (REMOTE) [Exploratory, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single center, web-based phase IV pilot methodolgy trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tolterodine ER in subjects with overactive bladder]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01302938 (first received 24 February 2011). [A6121195] [NCT01302938] [TrialID.REMOTE.] [sr-incont43314]
    1. Orri M, Lipset CH, Jacobs BP, Costello AJ, Cummings SR. Web-based trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tolterodine ER 4 mg in participants with overactive bladder: REMOTE trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2014;38(2):190-7. [A6121195] [NCT01302938] [TrialID.REMOTE.] [sr-incont62536] - PubMed
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Resnick 2006 {published data only}ISRCTN17856439
    1. ISRCTN17856439, Resnick N. Pathophysiology of urge incontinence in older women. isrctn.org/ISRCTN17856439 (first received 09 March 2006). [1999P-001891] [94-6641-01] [ISRCTN17856439] [sr-incont64614]
Robinson 2013 {published data only}
    1. EUCTR2008-005215-17. A study to evaluate the overall effect of solifenacin 5mg and 10mg on bladder wall thickness and urinary nerve growth factor in female subjects with overactive bladder and a diagnosis of detrusor overactivity – a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, multicentre study - SHRINK. clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=eudract_number:2008-00... (first received 14 September 2009). [EUCTR2008-005215-17] [NCT01093534] [sr-incont78650]
    1. NCT01093534. Study of 2 doses of solifenacin succinate in female subjects with overactive bladder (SHRINK) [A study to evaluate the overall effect of solifenacin 5mg and 10mg on bladder wall thickness and urinary nerve growth factor in female subjects with overactive bladder and a diagnosis of detrusor overactivity - a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel group, multi-centre study]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01093534 (first received 26 March 2010). [905-EC-007] [EUCTR2008-005215-17] [NCT01093534] [TrialID.SHRINK] [sr-incont63778]
    1. Robinson D, Khullar V, Oelke M, Wijkstra H, Tretter R, Stow B, et al. Effects of 12 weeks treatment with solifenacin on Bladder Wall Thickness (BWT) and clinical outcomes: results from the placebo-controlled SHRINK study (Abstract number 422). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 43rd Annual Meeting; 2013 Aug 26-30; Barcelona, Spain. 2013. [905-EC-007] [NCT01093534] [TrialID.SHRINK.] [srincont-49731]
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Rogers 2008 {published data only}
    1. Rogers R, Bachmann G, Jumadilova Z, Sun F, Morrow JD, Guan Z, et al. Efficacy of tolterodine on overactive bladder symptoms and sexual and emotional quality of life in sexually active women. International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 2008;19(11):1551-7. [A6121002] [NCT00143481] [srincont-27729] - PubMed
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    1. Romanzi LJ, Delconte A, Kralidis G. Impact of darifenacin compared with tolterodine on incontinence episodes in patients with overactive bladder (Abstract number A3522). Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005;105(Suppl 4):88S. [sr-incont34187]
Rovner 2005 {published data only}
    1. Rovner ES, Kaplan S, Guan Z, Wang JT, Roehrborn CG. Clinical efficacy and safety of tolterodine extended release in male patients with overactive bladder and urgency urinary incontinence (Abstract number 188). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 35th Annual Meeting; 2005 Aug 28-Sep 2; Montreal, Canada. 2005. [sr-incont21091]
Rudy 2006 {published data only}
    1. Rudy D, Cline K, Goldberg K, Harris R. A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of trospium chloride in overactive bladder patients (Abstract). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2004;23(5/6):600-1. [sr-incont19025]
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Staskin 2004 {published data only}
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Staskin 2007 {published data only}
    1. Chancellor MB, Oefelein MG, Vasavada S. Obesity is associated with a more severe overactive bladder disease state that is effectively treated with one daily administration of trospium chloride extended release [Erratum available in: Neurourology and Urodynamics 2010;29(5):804]. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2010;29(4):551-4. [sr-incont39591] - PubMed
    1. Ginsberg DA, Oefelein MG, Ellsworth PI. Once-daily administration of trospium chloride extended release provides 24-hour coverage of nocturnal and diurnal symptoms of overactive bladder: an integrated analysis of two phase III trials. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2011;30(4):563-7. [sr-incont41531] - PubMed
    1. Rovner E, Dmochowski R, Watanabe J. Once daily (QD) trospium chloride 60mg extended release (XR) is safe and effective in patients (PTS) with the overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome who use multiple concomitant medications (MEDS) (Abstract number: Poster #68). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2009;28(2):146-7. [sr-incont31062]
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    1. Sand P, Staskin D, Zinner N, Dmochowski R. Once-daily trospium chloride extended release is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of overactive bladder: results from a multicenter, phase III trial (Abstract number 57). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2007;26(5):675. [sr-incont26661]
Staskin 2019 {published data only}
    1. EUCTR2017-003293-14. Empowur (Empower OAB patients with vibegron for better urgency control) [An international phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active (tolterodine)-controlled multicenter study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vibegron in patients with symptoms of overactive bladder]. clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=eudract_number:2017-00... (first received 24 April 2018). [EUCTR2017-003293-14] [NCT03492281] [sr-incont78606]
    1. NCT03492281, Jankowich R. A study to examine the safety and efficacy of a new drug in patients with symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) [An international phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active (tolterodine)-controlled multicenter study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vibegron in patients with symptoms of overactive bladder]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03492281 (first received 20 April 2018). [NCT03492281] [sr-incont78610]
    1. Staskin D, Frankel J, Varano S, Shortino D, Jankowich R, Mudd PN. Vibegron demonstrates statistically significant improvement in efficacy measures in overactive bladder-key secondary results from the international phase 3 study in patients with overactive bladder (empowur) (Abstract number: long oral 40). Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery 2019;25(5):S20-1. [NCT03492281] [sr-incont78627]
    1. Staskin D, Frankel J, Varano S, Zhou J, Jankowich R, Mudd PN. International phase 3, double-blind, placebo- and active (tolterodine)-controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vibegron in patients with symptoms of overactive bladder: empowur (Abstract number LBA-02). Journal of Urology 2019;201(4):e992. [NCT03492281] [sr-incont78628] - PubMed
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    1. Steers W, Corcos J. Efficacy, tolerability and safety of darifenacin, an M3 selective receptor antagonist for the treatment of overactive bladder, using a flexible dosing regimen (Abstract number 68). Progres en Urologie 2004;14(3 Suppl 3):22. [srincont-22197]
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    1. Stohrer M, Bauer P, Giannetti BM, Richter R, Burgdorfer H, Murtz G. Effect of trospium chloride on urodynamic parameters in patients with detrusor hyperreflexia due to spinal cord injuries. Urologia Internationalis 1991;47(3):138-43. [srincont-236] - PubMed
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    1. Stohrer M, Madersbacher H, Richter R, Wehnert J, Dreikorn K. Efficacy and safety of propiverine in SCI-patients suffering from detrusor hyperreflexia - a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Spinal Cord 1999;37(3):196-200. [sr-incont8146] - PubMed
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    1. Takayasu H, Ueno A, Tsutida S, Koiso K, Kurita K, Kawabe K, et al. Clinical effects of propiverine hydrochloride in the treatment of urinary frequency and incontinence associated with detrusor overactivity: a double blind, parallel, placebo controlled multicenter study. Igaku No Ayumi (Progress in Medicine) 1990;153(8):459-71. [srincont-12896]
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Thuroff 1991 {published data only}
    1. Thuroff JW, Bunke B, Ebner A, Faber P, Geeter P, Hannappel J, et al. Randomized, double-blind multicenter trial on treatment of frequency, urgency and incontinence related to detrusor hyperactivity: oxybutynin vs. propantheline vs. placebo. Neurourology and Urodynamics 1990;9(4):337-8. [srincont-5108] - PubMed
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    1. Messelink EJ, Soler JM, Madersbacher H, Thuroff JW, Amarenco G, Van Kerrebroeck EV. Urodynamic aspects of the efficacy of tolterodine, a new anti muscarine drug in the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia. In: International Continence Society (ICS), 25th Annual Meeting; 1995 Oct 17-20; Sydeney, Australia. 1995:95-6. [srincont-10883]
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    1. Cardozo L, Herschorn S, Snijder R, Siddiqui E, Chapple CR. Does BMI, gender or age affect efficacy/tolerability of solifenacin in the management of overactive bladder? International Urogynecology Journal 2017;28(3):477-88. - PubMed
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Wagg 2013a {published data only}
    1. EUCTR2007-007087-17-SE. A 24-week, multicentre trial, comprising a 12-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase followed by a 12-week open-label phase, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fesoterodine flexible dose regimen in elderly patients with overactive bladder. clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=eudract_number:2007-00... (first received 13 June 2008). [A0221045] [EUCTR2007-007087-17-SE] [NCT00798434] [TRIALID.SOFIA] [sr-incont64588]
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    1. NCT00798434. A study to compare the effectiveness and safety of fesoterodine and placebo in an elderly population of patients who go to the toilet very frequently due to overactive bladder (SOFIA) [A 24-week, multi-centre trial, comprising a 12-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase followed by a 12-week open-label phase, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fesoterodine flexible dose regimen in elderly patients with overactive bladder]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00798434 (first received 26 November 2008). [A0221045] [EUCTR2007-007087-17-SE] [NCT00798434] [TRIALID.SOFIA] [sr-incont49847]
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Weiss 2013 {published data only}
    1. Goldman HB, Oelke M, Kaplan SA, Kitta T, Russell D, Carlsson M, et al. Do patient characteristics predict which patients with overactive bladder benefit from a higher fesoterodine dose? International Urogynecology Journal 2019;30(2):239-44. - PubMed
    1. NCT00911937. A trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fesoterodine in patients with symptoms of overactive bladder including nocturnal urinary urgency [A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group, multicenter trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fesoterodine flexible dose regimen in patients with symptoms of overactive bladder including nocturnal urinary urgency]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00911937 (first received 03 June 2009). [NCT00911937] [sr-incont49848]
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Yamaguchi 2007 {published data only}
    1. Yamaguchi O, Marui E, Kakizaki H, Itoh N, Yokota T, Okada H, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo- and propiverine-controlled trial of the once-daily antimuscarinic agent solifenacin in Japanese patients with overactive bladder. BJU International 2007;100(3):579-87. [sr-incont23865] - PubMed
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Yamaguchi 2012 {published data only}
    1. NCT00966004. A study to evaluate safety and efficacy of ym178 in patients with overactive bladder [Phase III study of YM178 - a placebo-controlled, double-blind, group comparison study in patients with overactive bladder]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00966004 (first received 26 August 2009). [178-CL-048] [JapicCTI-R130370] [NCT00966004] [sr-incont63783]
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    1. Yamaguchi O, Marui E, Kakizaki H, Homma Y, Igawa Y, Takeda M, et al. A phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist, mirabegron 50 mg once-daily, in Japanese patients with overactive bladder. BJU International 2014;113(6):951-60. [NCT00966004] [sr-incont50603] - PubMed
Yamaguchi 2014 {published data only}
    1. Yamaguchi O, Uchida E, Higo N, Minami H, Kobayashi S, Sato H, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-daily oxybutynin patch versus placebo and propiverine in Japanese patients with overactive bladder: a randomized double-blind trial. International Journal of Urology 2014;21(6):586-93. [JapicCTI-101309] [sr-incont62099] - PubMed
Yonguc 2019 {published data only}
    1. Yonguc T, Sefik E, Inci I, Kusbeci OY, Celik S, Aydin ME, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of fesoterodine fumarate for overactive bladder in Parkinson's disease. World Journal of Urology 2019;38(8):2013-9. [sr-incont78635] - PubMed
Yoshida 2018 {published data only}
    1. JapicCTI-152936. Phase III study of KRP-114V [A phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, placebo controlled, multicenter study to assess the efficacy and safety of the beta-3 agonist KRP-114V in Japanese subjects with symptoms of overactive bladder]. clinicaltrials.jp/user/showCteDetailE.jsp?japicId=JapicCTI-152936 (first received 17 June 2015). [JapicCTI-152936] [sr-incont78653]
    1. Yoshida M, Takeda M, Goto M, Nagai S, Kurose T. Vibegron, a novel potent and selective beta3-adrenoreceptor agonist, for the treatment of patients with overactive bladder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study (Abstract number 1082). European Urology, Supplements 2018;17(2):e1531-2. [JapicCTI-152936] [sr-incont78069] - PubMed
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Zesiewicz 2015 {published data only}
    1. NCT01018264, Zesiewicz T. Solifenacin succinate (VESIcare) for the treatment of overactive bladder in Parkinson's disease (URGE-PD) [URGE-PD: a multi-site, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial of solifenacin succinate (VESIcare) for the treatment of overactive bladder in Parkinson's disease]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01018264 (first received 23 November 2009). [NCT01018264] [sr-incont63790]
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Zinner 2002 {published data only}
    1. Zinner NR, Mattiasson A, Stanton SL. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of extended-release once-daily tolterodine treatment for overactive bladder in older versus younger patients. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2002;50(5):799-807. [sr-incont14679] - PubMed
Zinner 2004 {published data only}
    1. Zinner N, Gittelman M, Harris R, Susset J, Kanellos A, Auerbach S. Trospium chloride improves overactive bladder symptoms: a multicenter phase III trial (Abstract number DP51). In: American Urological Association (AUA), 98th Annual Meeting; 2003 Apr 26-May 1; Chicago, Illinois. 2003. [sr-incont31101] - PubMed
    1. Zinner N, Gittelman M, Harris R, Susset J, Kanelos A, Auerbach S, Trospium Study Group. Trospium chloride improves overactive bladder symptoms: a multicenter phase III trial. Journal of Urology 2004;171(6 Pt 1):2311-5. [sr-incont17376] - PubMed
Zinner 2006 {published data only}
    1. Zinner N, Susset J, Gittelman M, Arguinzoniz M, Rekeda L, Haab F. Efficacy, tolerability and safety of darifenacin, an M(3) selective receptor antagonist: an investigation of warning time in patients with OAB. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2006;60(1):119-26. [sr-incont21507] - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

Ablove 2017 {published data only}
    1. Ablove T, Bell L, Liang H, Chappell R, Yale S. The effect of solifenacin on postvoid dribbling in women: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2017;36(S1):S151. - PubMed
    1. Ablove T, Bell LN, Liang H, Chappell RJ, Toklu HZ, Yale SH. The effect of solifenacin on postvoid dribbling in women: results of a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. International Urogynecology Journal 2018;29(7):1051-60. - PubMed
Abrams 2005 {published data only}
    1. Abrams P, Swift S. Solifenacin is effective for the treatment of OAB dry patients: a pooled analysis (Abstract number 143). In: Proceedings of the International Continence Society (ICS), 35th Annual Meeting; 2005 Aug 28-Sep 2; Montreal, Canada. 2005. [sr-incont21051] - PubMed
    1. Abrams P, Swift S. Solifenacin is effective for the treatment of OAB dry patients: a pooled analysis . European Urology 2005;48(3):483-7. [sr-incont20790] - PubMed
Abrams 2008 {published data only}
    1. Abrams P, Kelleher C, Huels J, Quebe-Fehling E, Omar MA, Steel M. Clinical relevance of health-related quality of life outcomes with darifenacin. BJU International 2008;102(2):208-13. [sr-incont27611] - PubMed
Albala 2014 {published data only}
    1. Albala D, Bianco F, Belkoff L, Miles B, Peabody J, He W, et al. Solifenacin succinate versus placebo on urinary continence after robotic prostatectomy: effect of dose escalation (Abstract number MP08-05). Journal of Endourology 2014;28:A69-70.
    1. Bianco FJ, Albala DM, Belkoff LH, Miles BJ, Peabody JO, He W, et al. A randomized, double-blind, solifenacin succinate versus placebo control, phase 4, multicenter study evaluating urinary continence after robotic assisted radical prostatectomy. Journal of Urology 2015;193(4):1305-10. - PubMed
Andersen 1987 {published data only}
    1. Andersen JR, Lose G, Norgaard M, Stimpel H, Andersen JT. Terodiline, Emepronium bromide or placebo for treatment of female detrusor overactivity? A randomized, double-blind cross-over study. In: International Continence Society (ICS), 17th Annual Meeting; 1987 Sept 2-5; Bristol, UK. 1987:1-2. [sr-incont9025] - PubMed
Appell 1997 {published data only}
    1. Appell RA. Clinical efficacy and safety of tolterodine in the treatment of overactive bladder: a pooled analysis. Urology 1997;50(Suppl 6A):90-6 (discussion 97‐9). [sr-incont5482] - PubMed
Arruda 2007 {published data only}
    1. Arruda RM, Castro RA, Sousa GC, Sartori MG, Baracat EC, Girão MJ. Prospective randomized comparison of oxybutynin, functional electrostimulation, and pelvic floor training for treatment of detrusor overactivity in women. International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 2008;19(8):1055-61. - PubMed
    1. Arruda RM, Sousa GO, Castro RA, Sartori MGF, Baracat EC, Girao MJB. Detrusor overactivity: comparative study among oxybutynin, functional electrostimulation and pelvic floor muscle training: a randomized clinical trial. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetricia 2007;29(9):452-8.
Assassa 2010 {published data only}ISRCTN58226681
    1. Assassa P, Williams K, Lambert P, Abrams K, Turner D, Shaw C, et al. A double blind randomised placebo controlled trial of the effectiveness of bladder training with oxybutynin or imipramine in the management of detrusor overactivity (DO) (Abstract number 330). In: Joint Meeting of the International Continence Society (ICS) and the International Urogynecological Association; 2010 Aug 23-27; Toronto, Canada. 2010. [ISRCTN58226681] [sr-incont40171]
    1. ISRCTN58226681, McGrother C. Evaluation of the efficacy of oxybutynin and imipramine in the management of detrusor instability. isrctn.org/ISRCTN58226681 (first received 25 October 2000). [DOI: ] [ISRCTN58226681] [sr-incont64656]
Aydoğmuş 2014 {published data only}
    1. Aydoğmuş Y, Sunay M, Arslan H, Aydın A, Adiloğlu AK, Şahin H. Acupuncture versus solifenacin for treatment of overactive bladder and its correlation with urine nerve growth factor levels: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Urologia Internationalis 2014;93(4):437-43. [sr-incont64828] - PubMed
Aziminekoo 2014 {published data only}
    1. Aziminekoo E, Ghanbari Z, Hashemi S, Nemati M, Haghollahi F, Shokuhi N. Oxybutynin and tolterodine in a trial for treatment of overactive bladder in Iranian women. Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 2014;8(2):73-6. - PMC - PubMed
Azuri 2016 {published data only}
    1. Azuri J, Kafri R, Ziv-Baran T, Stav K. Outcomes of different protocols of pelvic floor physical therapy and anti-cholinergics in women with wet over-active bladder: a 4-year follow up. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2017;36(3):755-8. - PubMed
Bagger 1985 {published data only}
    1. Bagger P, Fischer-Rasmussen W, Hansen RI. Emepronium carregeenate: clinical effects and urinary excretion in treatment of female urge incontinence. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 1985;19(1):31-5. [srincont-612] - PubMed
    1. Bagger PV, Fischer-Rasmussen W. Emepronium carrageenate in the treatment of female urinary motor-urge incontinence (Abstract). In: International Continence Society (ICS); 14th Annual Meeting; 1984 Sep 13-15; Innsbruck, Austria. 1984:304. [srincont-10956]
Bailey 2004 {published data only}
    1. Bailey F, Brubaker L. The BE-DRI study (Behaviour Enhances Drug Reduction of Incontinence): a clinical trial of the NIH/NIDDK Urinary Incontinence Treatment Network (UITN) (Abstract number 39). Progres en Urologie 2004;14(3 Suppl 3):15.
    1. Mueller ER, Litman H, Zimmern PE, Norton P, Goode P. Impact of fluid management on fluid intake and urge incontinence in the BE-DRI trial for OAB in women (Abstract number 1530). Journal of Urology 2009;181(4S):547-8.
    1. Richter H, Burgio K, Brubaker L, Chai T, Kraus S, Nyberg L, et al. Predictors of outcomes of drug therapy, combined drug and behavioral therapy and drug discontinuation in the treatment of urge urinary incontinence in women (Abstract number 39). Journal of Pelvic Medicine and Surgery 2009;15(2):73-4.
    1. Zimmern P, Litman H, Mueller E, Norton P, Goode P. Impact of fluid management on fluid intake and urge incontinence in the BE-DRI trial for OAB in women (Abstract number: podium 30). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2009;28(2):163.
    1. Zimmern P, Litman HJ, Mueller E, Norton P, Goode P. Effect of fluid management on fluid intake and urge incontinence in a trial for overactive bladder in women. BJU International 2010;105(12):1680-5. - PMC - PubMed
Batista 2015 {published data only}
    1. Batista JE, Kolbl H, Herschorn S, Rechberger T, Cambronero J, Halaska M, et al. The efficacy and safety of mirabegron compared with solifenacin in overactive bladder patients dissatisfied with previous antimuscarinic treatment due to lack of efficacy: results of a noninferiority, randomized, phase IIIb trial. Therapeutic Advances in Urology 2015;7(4):167-79. - PMC - PubMed
Bawa 2016 {published data only}
    1. Bawa M, Dash V, Mahajan JK, Rao KLN. Role of anticholinergics and gabapentin in management of neurogenic bladder after repair of spina bifida-a randomized controlled study (Abstract number FP007). Child's Nervous System (CHNS) Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2016;32(5):935-6.
Boaretto 2011 {published data only}
    1. Boaretto J, Mesquita C, Lima AC, Moreno AL, Sartori M. Prospective randomized comparison of oxybutynin, transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation, functional stimulation of the pelvic floor and pelvic floor training for treatment of overactive bladder in women (Abstract number 214). International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 2011;22(Suppl 3):S1782-3.
Bono 1982 {published data only}
    1. Bono AV, Marconi AM, Gianneo E. Oxybutynin for unstable bladder. A preliminary placebo controlled trial [L'ossibutinina cloridrato nella vescica instabile pura ]. Urologia 1982;49:764-8. [srincont-6483]
Breuel 1993 {published data only}
    1. Breuel HP, Murtz G, Bondy S, Horkulak J, Gianetti BM. Safety and tolerance of trospium chloride in the high dose range. Arzneimittel-Forschung 1993;43(4):461-4. [sr-incont2128] - PubMed
Brocklehurst 1972 {published data only}
    1. Brocklehurst JC, Armitage P, Jouher AJ. Emepronium bromide in urinary incontinence. Age and Ageing 1972;1(3):152-7. [sr-incont876] - PubMed
Burgio 2007 {published data only}
    1. Burgio K, Goode P, Johnson T, Ousler J, Hammontree L, Redden D. Behavioral versus drug treatment for overactive bladder in men: a randomized controlled trial. In: International Continence Society (ICS); 39th Annual Meeting; 2009 Sep 29-Oct 3; San Francisco, California. 2009. [Abstract number 552] [NCT01187498] [sr-incont34579]
    1. Burgio K, Richter H, Brubaker L, Kraus S, Chai T, Nyberg L, et al. Predictors of outcomes of drug therapy, combined drug and behavioural therapy and drug discontinuation in the treatment of urge urinary incontinence in women (Abstract number: poster #63). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2009;28(2):144.
    1. Burgio K, Urinary Incontinence Treatment Network. Combining behavior and drug therapy to improve drug withdrawal in the treatment of urge incontinence: a randomized trial (Abstract number 21). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2007;26(5):616-7.
    1. Burgio KL, Goode PS, Johnson II TM, Hammontree LN, Ouslander JG, Markland AD, et al. Behavioral vs. drug treatment for overactive bladder in men: the motive trial. Journal of Urology 2010;183(4):e585. [NCT01187498] [sr-incont42519]
    1. Burgio KL, Goode PS, Richter HE, Markl AD, Johnson TM, Redden DT. Combined behavioral and individualized drug therapy versus individualized drug therapy alone for urge urinary incontinence in women. Journal of Urology 2010;184(2):598-603. - PubMed
Burgio 2010 {published data only}
    1. Burgio KL, Kraus SR, Borello‐France D, Chai TC, Kenton K, Goode PS, et al. The effects of drug and behavior therapy on urgency and voiding frequency. International Urogynecology Journal 2010;21(6):711-9. - PMC - PubMed
Cardozo 2004b {published data only}
    1. Cardozo L, Chapple CR, Swift S, Siami P, Gronen S, Solifenacin Study Group. Solifenacin was effective and well tolerated in patients of all ages (Abstract number 71). Progrès en Urologie 2004;14(3 Suppl 3):23. [sr-incont22176]
Cardozo 2005 {published data only}
    1. Cardozo L, Dixon A. Increased warning time with darifenacin: a new concept in the management of urinary urgency. Journal of Urology 2005;173(4):1214-8. [sr-incont20180] - PubMed
Cardozo 2006 {published data only}
    1. Cardozo L, Castro-Diaz D, Gittelman M, Ridder A, Huang M. Reductions in overactive bladder-related incontinence from pooled analysis of phase III trials evaluating treatment with solifenacin. International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor 2006;17(5):512-9. [sr-incont22214] - PubMed
Cartwright 2011 {published and unpublished data}ISRCTN87161129
    1. Cartwright R, Srikrishna S, Cardozo L, Robinson D. Patient-selected goals in overactive bladder: a placebo controlled randomised double-blind trial of transdermal oxybutynin for the treatment of urgency and urge incontinence (Abstract number 134). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2008;27(7):725-6. [srincont-31860] - PubMed
    1. Cartwright R, Srikrishna S, Cardozo L, Robinson D. Patient-selected goals in overactive bladder: a placebo controlled randomized double-blind trial of transdermal oxybutynin for the treatment of urgency and urge incontinence. BJU International 2011;107(1):70-6. [EudraCT2005-005009-41] [ISRCTN87161129] [srincont-41381] - PubMed
    1. Cartwright R, Srikrishna S, Cardozo L, Robinson D. Validity and reliability of patient selected goals as an outcome measure in overactive bladder. International Urogynecology Journal 2011;22(7):841-7. [ISRCTN87161129] [sr-incont41718] - PubMed
    1. Cartwright R, Srikrishna S, Cardozo L, Robinson D. Validity and reliability of the patient's perception of intensity of urgency scale in overactive bladder. BJU International 2011;107(10):1612-7. [EudraCT2005-005009-41] [ISRCTN87161129] [sr-incont41511] - PubMed
Chapple 2004d {published data only}
    1. Chapple C. Darifenacin is effective in improving the major symptoms of overactive bladder: a pooled analysis of phase III studies (Abstract number 512). European Urology Supplements 2004;3(2):130. [sr-incont22179]
Chapple 2004e {published data only}
    1. Chapple C, Kelleher C, Perrault L. Darifenacin, an M3 selective receptor antagonist, improves quality of life in patients with overactive bladder (Abstract number 67). Progres en Urologie 2004;14(3 Suppl 3):22. [sr-incont22177]
Chapple 2005 {published data only}
    1. Chapple C, Steers W, Norton P, Millard R, Kralidis G, Glavind K et al. A pooled analysis of three phase III studies to investigate the efficacy, tolerability and safety of darifenacin, a muscarinic M3 selective receptor antagonist, in the treatment of overactive bladder. British Journal of Urology International 2005;95(7):993-1001. [sr-incont20340] - PubMed
    1. Olshansky B, Foote J, Arguinzoniz M, Lheritier K, Quebe-Fehling E, Steel M. The effects of darifenacin and tolterodine on heart rate (HR) in patients with overactive bladder (OAB) (Abstract number 124). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2006;25(6):656-7. [sr-incont26630]
    1. Olshansky B, Serra DB. Thorough QT study with recommended and supratherapeutic doses of tolterodine [comment]. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2008;83(2):231-2; author reply 233. [sr-incont34223] - PubMed
Chapple 2006a {published data only}
    1. Chapple C, Everaert K, Madsen M, Melekos M, Schiotz H, Vierssen Trip O, et al . Treatment outcomes in the STAR study for patients self selecting to remain on original dose: comparison of solifenacin 5mg and tolterodine ER 4mg (Abstract number 51). International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 2006;17(Suppl 8):88.
Chapple 2006b {published data only}
    1. Chapple CR, Cardozo L, Steers WD, Govier FE. Solifenacin significantly improves all symptoms of overactive bladder syndrome. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2006;60(8):959-66. [sr-incont22626] - PMC - PubMed
Chartier‐Kastler 2015 {published data only}
    1. Chartier-Kastler E, Siegel S, Luyet P-P. InSite randomized controlled trial on sacral neuromodulation versus standard medical therapy for overactive bladder. Does it reflect real life practice in Europe? (Abstract). European Urology, Supplements 2015;14(2):e152. [NCT00547378] [sr-incont71537]
Chen 2008 {published data only}
    1. Chen S, Tsai C, Tong Y, Chen C. Does pelvic floor muscle exercises adding on effects on overactive bladder patients with unsatisfactory drug responses? (Abstract number 183). In: International Continence Society (ICS); 38th Annual Meeting; 2008 Oct 20-24; Cairo, Egypt. 2008.
Chen 2012a {published data only}
    1. Chen C, Hu X, Gong M. Comparative evaluation of efficacy of use of doxazosin mesylate and/or tolterodine ER for the treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome with overactive bladder symptoms (Abstract number 697). In: International Continence Society (ICS); 42nd Annual Meeting; 2012 Oct 15-19; Beijing, China. 2012.
Chen 2012b {published data only}
    1. Chen J, Kai S, Yonghui C, Wei X, Jing L, Yiran H. Clinical study of combination therapy with doxazosin and tolterodine for patients with overactive bladder after transurethral resection of the prostate (Abstract number 312). In: International Continence Society (ICS); 42nd Annual Meeting; 2012 Oct 15-19; Beijing, China. 2012.
Chen 2015 {published data only}
    1. Chen G, Liao L, Li Y. The possible role of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation using adhesive skin surface electrodes in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity secondary to spinal cord injury. International Urology and Nephrology 2015;47(3):451-5. - PubMed
Cho 2013 {published data only}
    1. Cho YS, Joo KJ, Kwon CH, Park HJ. Comparison of efficacy and safety according to anticholinergic medication time in benign prostatic hyperplasia with overactive bladder (Abstract number 681). In: International Continence Society (ICS); 43rd Annual Meeting; 2013 Aug 26-30; Barcelona, Spain. 2013.
Conde‐Santos 2009 {published data only}
    1. Conde-Santos G, Rebassa Llull M, Soriano-Burrull L, Briones-Mardones G, Hidalgo-Pardo F, Fuentes-Marquez I, et al. Study of safety and urodynamic characterization of treatment with tamsulosin, tolterodine and tamsulosin plus tolterodine, in men with LUTS (Abstract number 468). European Urology Supplements 2009;8(4):237. [Abstract number 468] [sr-incont63391]
Coombes 1996 {published data only}
    1. Coombes GM, Millard RJ. A randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of penthienate in the treatment of detrusor instability (Abstract). In: Proceedings of the International Continence Society 24th Annual Meeting; 1994 Aug 30 - Sept 2; Prague, Czech Republic. 1994:104. [srincont-17191]
    1. Coombes GM, Millard RJ. Urinary urge incontinence: randomised crossover trials of penthienate versus placebo and propantheline. Medical Journal of Australia 1996;165(9):473-6. [srincont-4862] - PubMed
Dash 2016 {published data only}
    1. Dash V, Bawa M, Mahajan JK, Kanojia RP, Samujh R, Rao KL. Role of gabapentin and anticholinergics in management of neurogenic bladder after repair of spina bifida - a randomized controlled study. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2016;51(12):2025-9. - PubMed
Davila 2001 {published data only}
    1. Davila GW, Daugherty CA, Sanders SW, Transdermal Oxybutynin Study Group. A short-term, multicenter, randomized double-blind dose titration study of the efficacy and anticholinergic side effects of transdermal compared to immediate release oral oxybutynin treatment of patients with urge urinary incontinence. Journal of Urology 2001;166(1):140-5. [sr-incont12330] - PubMed
    1. Davila GW, Sanders S, Transdermal Oxybutynin Study Group. Transdermal oxybutynin: a multi-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in adults with urge urinary incontinence (Abstract). International Urogynecology Journal 2001;12(Suppl 3):S43. [srincont-16363]
    1. Davila GW, Sanders SW, Lyttle S, Gittelman MC, Zinner N, Saltzstein DR, et al. Transdermal oxybutynin is safe, effective, and improves quality of life in patients with overactive bladder. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2001;20(4):426-7. [srincont-14483]
Dede 2013 {published data only}
    1. Dede H, Dolen I, Dede FS, Sivaslioglu AA. What is the success of drug treatment in urge urinary incontinence? What should be measured? Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2013;287(3):511-8. - PubMed
Dell'Atti 2015 {published data only}
    1. Dell'Atti L. Efficacy of tadalafil once daily versus fesoterodine in the treatment of overactive bladder in older patients. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2015;19(9):1559-63. - PubMed
Deng 2012 {published data only}
    1. Deng Z. The therapeutic effects of solifenacin combined with indometacin suppositories in prevention of cystospasm after transurethral vaporization of the prostate (Abstract number 651). In: International Continence Society (ICS); 42nd Annual Meeting; 2012 Oct 15-19; Beijing, China. 2012.
Di Stasi 2001 {published data only}
    1. Di Stasi SM, Giannantoni A, Navarra P, Capelli G, Storti L, Porena M, et al. Intravesical oxybutynin: mode of action assessed by passive diffusion and electromotive administration with pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin and n-desethyl oxybutynin. Journal of Urology 2001;166(6):2232-6. [sr-incont16330] - PubMed
    1. Di Stasi SM, Giannantoni A, Vespasiani G, Navarra P, Capelli G, Massoud R, et al. Intravesical electromotive administration of oxybutynin in patients with detrusor hyperreflexia unresponsive to standard anticholinergic regimens. Journal of Urology 2001;165(2):491-8. [srincont-11965] [PMID: ] - PubMed
Dmochowski 2003 {published data only}
    1. Dmochowski RR, Sand PK, Zinner NR, Gittelman MC, Davila GW, Sanders SW . Comparative efficacy and safety of transdermal oxybutynin and oral tolterodine versus placebo in previously treated patients with urge and mixed urinary incontinence. Urology 2003;62(2):237-42. [srincont-16528] - PubMed
Dmochowski 2005 {published data only}
    1. Dmochowski R, Lucente V, MacDiarmid S, Parker R, Davila GW, McLLwain M. Differences in impact of overactive bladder on quality of life between men and women: results from the MATRIX study (Abstract number 584). In: International Continence Society (ICS); 35th Annual Meeting; 2005 Aug 28-Sept 02; Montreal, Canada. 2005.
Dmochowski 2006 {published data only}
    1. Dmochowski RR, Staskin DR, Nitti VW. Quality of life in men following treatment for overactive bladder (Abstract number 435). In: International Continence Society (ICS); 36th Annual Meeting; 2006 Nov 17-Dec 01; Christchurch, New Zealand. 2006.
Dmochowski 2007 {published data only}
    1. Dmochowski R, Abrams P, Marschall-Kehrel D, Wang JT, Guan Z. Efficacy and tolerability of tolterodine extended release in male and female patients with overactive bladder. European Urology 2007;51(4):1054-64; discussion 1064. [sr-incont23266] - PubMed
Drake 2017 {published data only}
    1. Drake MJ, MacDiarmid S, Al-Shukri S, Barkin J, Fianu-Jonasson A, Herschorn S, et al. Adding mirabegron to solifenacin to treat overactive bladder has little impact on postvoid residual volume or urinary retention risk. Urology 2017;104(6):1-4. - PubMed
    1. EUCTR2012-005401-41. A randomized, double-blind, multi-centre study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding mirabegron to solifenacin in incontinent OAB subjects who have received solifenacin for 4 weeks and warrant additional relief for their OAB symptoms - BESIDE 905-EC-012 Version 2.0. clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=eudract_number:2012-00... (first received 03 July 2013). [EUCTR2012-005401-41-GB] [EUCTR2012-005401-41-SK] [NCT01908829] [sr-incont64531]
    1. NCT01908829. A trial comparing combination treatment (solifenacin plus mirabegron) with one treatment alone (solifenacin) (BESIDE) [A randomized, double-blind, multi-centre study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding mirabegron to solifenacin in incontinent OAB subjects who have received solifenacin for 4 weeks and warrant additional relief for their OAB symptoms ]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01908829 (first received 26 July 2013). [EUCTR2012-005401-41-GB] [NCT01908829] [sr-incont49284]
DuBeau 2009 {published data only}
    1. DuBeau C, Fitzgerald MP, Johnson H, Kraus S, Lemack G, Mallett V, et al. Expectations of urge incontinence treatment and their relationship to outcomes (Abstract number 59). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2009;28(7):642–3.
Eftekhar 2014 {published data only}
    1. Eftekhar T, Teimoory N, Miri E, Nikfallah A, Naeimi M, Ghajarzadeh M. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation for treating neurologic bladder in women: a randomized clinical trial. Acta Medica Iranica 2014;52(11):816–21. - PubMed
EUCTR2005‐005546‐39‐BE {published data only}
    1. EUCTR2005-005546-39-BE. Solifenacin succinate in a flexible dose regimen with simplified bladder training versus solifenacin succinate in a flexible dose regimen alone in a prospective, randomized, parallel group, overactive bladder symptom study - SOLAR. clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=eudract_number:2005-00... (first received 11 December 2006). [EUCTR2005-005546-39-BE] [NCT00337558] [sr-incont64617]
Ferreira 2010 {published data only}
    1. Ferreira R, D'Ancona C, Rassi M. Comparative study between oral oxybutynin and intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin type A (Botox) (trademark) in patients with bladder dysfunction following traumatic spinal cord injury: urodynamic response and effect on quality of life (Abstract number 127). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2010;29(6):991–2.
    1. ISRCTN56769820, Ferreira RS. A comparative study between treatment with oxybutynin and botulinum toxin type A in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity [A comparative study between oxybutynin and botulinum toxin type A in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity: urodynamic response and impact of treatment on quality of life: a randomised trial]. isrctn.com/ISRCTN56769820 (first received 30 May 2011).
Franzen 2010 {published data only}
    1. Franzén K, Johansson JE, Lauridsen I, Canelid J, Heiwall B, Nilsson K. Electrical stimulation compared with tolterodine for treatment of urge/urge incontinence amongst women - a randomized controlled trial. International Urogynecology Journal 2010;21(12):1517-24. - PubMed
Gerstenberg 1986 {published data only}
    1. Gerstenberg TC, Klarskov P, Ramirez D, Hald T. Terodiline in the treatment of women with urgency and motor urge incontinence. A clinical and urodynamic double-blind cross-over study. British Journal of Urology 1986;58(2):129-33. [sr-incont574] - PubMed
Ghanbari 2015 {published data only}
    1. IRCT2014102819734N1, Ghanbari Z, Nojavan F. Efficacy of traditional Iranian medicine product in control of urinary incontinence in women [The comparison between traditional Iranian medicine product consist of "Myrtus Communis" with "Toltrodine" in control of urge urinary incontinence in women]. en.irct.ir/trial/17582 (first received 13 January 2015). [IRCT2014102819734N1] [sr-incont66323]
Gittelman 2003 {published data only}
    1. Gittelman M, Chu FM, Klimberg I, Fincher R, Smith N, Tempel D, et al. Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, fixed-dose, multicenter studies assess the efficacy and safety of daily oral administration of 10 mg YM905 versus placebo in male and female subjects with overactive bladder (Abstract number DP43). Journal of Urology 2003;169(Suppl 4):349. [sr-incont31098]
Gittelman 2014 {published data only}
    1. Gittelman M, Weiss H, Seidman L. A phase 2, randomized, double-blind, efficacy and safety study of oxybutynin vaginal ring for alleviation of overactive bladder symptoms in women. Journal of Urology 2014;191(4):1014-21. [BR-OXY-202] [NCT00196404] [srincont-60661] - PubMed
Goode 2002 {published data only}
    1. Goode PS, Burgio KL, Locher JL, Umlauf MG, Lloyd LK, Roth DL. Urodynamic changes associated with behavioral and drug treatment of urge incontinence in older women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2002;50(5):808-16. [srincont-14678] - PubMed
    1. Goode PS. Behavioral and drug therapy for urinary incontinence. Urology 2004;63(3 Suppl 1):58-64. [sr-incont17295] - PubMed
Griebling 2009 {published data only}
    1. Griebling TL, Kraus SR, Richter HE, Glasser DB, Carlsson M. Tolterodine extended release is well tolerated in older subjects. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2009;63(8):1198-204. [sr-incont32100] - PMC - PubMed
Ha 2008 {published data only}
    1. Ha Y, Yun SJ, Kim Y, Lee S, Jung W, Kim W, et al. The development and effect of ubiquitous program for female patients with overactive bladder: prospective, randomized 8-weeks follow up with questionnaire and voiding diary based assessment (Abstract number 611). In: International Continence Society (ICS); 38th Annual Meeting; 2008 Oct 20-24; Cairo, Egypt. 2008.
Haab 2011 {published data only}
    1. Haab F, Kerrebroeck P, Klecka J, Vik V, Angulo J, Gracia-Hern A, et al. Safety of tamsulosin OCAS plus solifenacin in men with LUTS associated with BPH in the SATURN trial (Abstract number UP-02.014). Urology 2011;78(3 Suppl 1):S264-5.
    1. Van Kerrebroeck P, Krhut J, Liehne J, Gomberg V, Cambronero Santos J, Garcia-Hernandez A, et al. The effects of tamsulosin OCAS plus solifenacin on Quality of Life (QoL) parameters in men with LUTS associated with BPH participating in the SATURN trial (Abstract number MP-05.03. Urology 2011;78(3 Suppl 1):S58-9.
    1. Wyndaele J, Cicalese AR, Ijzerman W, Sokol R, Hechelmann W, Garcia-Hernandez A, et al. Combination therapy with tamsulosin OCAS and solifenacin is more effective than solifenacin monotherapy as a treatment for male LUTS associated with BPH: results from the SATURN trial (abstract number MP-05.02). Urology 2011;78(3 Suppl 1):S58.
Hao 2012 {published data only}
    1. Hao C. Efficacy and safety of tolterodine extended release for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (Abstract number 301). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 42nd Annual Meeting; 2012 Oct 15-19; Beijing, China. 2012.
Herberg 1997 {published data only}
    1. Herberg KW, Fusgen I. Effect of trospium chloride, oxybutynin-HCL and propiverin-HCL on traffic related performance with respect to safety [Einfluss von Trospiumchlorid, Oxybutynin-HCI und Propiverin-HCI auf sicherheitsrelevante Leistungen]. Geriatrie Forschung 1997;7(2):77-83. [sr-incont41581]
Herbison 2004 {published data only}
    1. Herbison GP, Lauti M, Hay-Smith J, Wilson D. Three month results from the URGENT pilot study: a randomised controlled trial comparing drug therapy, bladder retraining and their combination in patients with urge urinary incontinence (abstract). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 34th Annual Meeting, and International UroGynecological Association (IUGA); 2004 Aug 23-27; Paris, France. 2004.
    1. ISRCTN66713401, Herbison P. Pilot study for the comparison of drug treatment with conservative treatment for people with overactive bladders. isrctn.org/ISRCTN66713401 (first received 29 November 2002). [ISRCTN66713401] [sr-incont64653]
Herschorn 2003 {published data only}
    1. Herschorn S, Becker D, Miller B, Thompson M, Forte L. The impact of a simple health education intervention in overactive bladder patients (Abstract). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 33rd Annual Meeting; 2003 Oct 5-9; Florence, Italy. 2003.
Herschorn 2009b {published data only}
    1. Herschorn S, Gajewski J, Ethans K, Corcos J, Carlson K, Bailly G, et al. Botulinum toxin A in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity: preliminary results from a Canadian multicentre randomized trial (Abstract number: poster #50. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2009;28(2):138-9.
Homma 2006 {published data only}
    1. Homma Y, Koyama N. Minimal clinically important change in urinary incontinence detected by a quality of life assessment tool in overactive bladder syndrome with urge incontinence. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2006;25(3):228-35. [srincont-21884] - PubMed
Hsiao 2011 {published data only}
    1. Hsiao SM, Chang TC, Wu WY, Chen CH, Yu HJ, Lin HH. Comparisons of urodynamic effects, therapeutic efficacy and safety of solifenacin versus tolterodine for female overactive bladder syndrome. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 2011;37(8):1084-91. - PubMed
Hsiao 2019 {published data only}
    1. Hsiao SM, Chang TC, Lin HH. The probability of re-treatment after discontinuation of a 3-month versus a 6-month course of solifenacin for female overactive bladder: a prospective randomized controlled study. Maturitas 2019;126:11-7. - PubMed
Jafarabadi 2015 {published data only}
    1. Jafarabadi M, Jafarabadi L, Shariat M, Rabie Salahi G, Haghollahi F, Rashidi BH. Considering the prominent complaint as a guide in medical therapy for overactive bladder syndrome in women over 45 years. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 2015;41(1):120-6. - PubMed
Jeong 2007 {published data only}
    1. Jeong HJ, Park SC, Han DY, Oh SJ, Roh JH, Baek SH, et al. The effect of amitriptyline in female overactive bladder patients with nocturia (Abstract number 234). International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 2007;18(Suppl 1):S133.
Jing 2012 {published data only}
    1. Jing L, Jianwei L, Ping P, Jiayi L, Juanjie B, Dongming L. Comparison of the efficacy of tolterodine with or without tamsulosin in OAB (Abstract number 659). In: International Continence Society (ICS); 42nd Annual Meeting; 2012 Oct 15-19; Beijing, China. 2012.
Johnson 2012 {published data only}
    1. Johnson M, Nepple K, Peck V, Klim A, Trinkaus K, Shu G, et al. Double-blinded randomized controlled trial of oxybutynin extended release vs. placebo for urinary symptoms during treatment with intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Journal of Urology 2012;187(4):e219. - PMC - PubMed
Johnson 2013 {published data only}
    1. Johnson II TM, Markland AD, Goode PS, Vaughan CP, Colli JL, Ouslander JG, et al. Efficacy of adding behavioural treatment or antimuscarinic drug therapy to alpha-blocker therapy in men with nocturia. BJU International 2013;112(1):100-8. - PubMed
Junemann 1999 {published data only}
    1. Junemann KP, Fusgen I. Placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind, multicentre clinical trial on the efficacy and tolerability of 1 x 40 mg and 2 x 40 mg trospium chloride (Spasmo-lyt) daily for 3 weeks in patients with urge-syndrome (Abstract number 107). Neurourology and Urodynamics 1999;18(4):375-6. [srincont-9938]
Kafri 2013 {published data only}
    1. Kafri R, Kodesh A, Shames J, Golomb J, Melzer I. Depressive symptoms and treatment of women with urgency urinary incontinence. International Urogynecology Journal 2013;24(11):1953-9. [NCT00498888] [sr-incont49451] - PubMed
Katoh 2019 {published data only}
    1. Katoh T, Igawa Y, Yamaguchi O, Kato D, Hamada T, Kuroishi K. Cardiovascular safety of antimuscarinic add-on therapy in patients with overactive bladder who had a suboptimal response to mirabegron monotherapy: a post hoc analysis from the Japanese MILAI II study. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms 2019;12(1):68-80. - PMC - PubMed
Kay 2009 {published data only}
    1. Kay G, Staskin D, MacDiarmid S, Mcllwain M, Dahl N. Are the effects of oxybutynin on cognition dependent upon the route of administration - topical or oral? A double-blind placebo controlled study employing sensitive cognitive and psychomotor testing (Abstract number 111). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2009;28(7):711-2. [sr-incont35327]
Kim 2009a {published data only}
    1. Kim DY, Park CH, Jung HC, Yoo ES. Efficacy of tamsulosin 0.2mg and tamsulosin 0.2mg plus tolterodine 2mg for treatment of women with lower urinary tract symptoms (Abstract number 65). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2009;28(7):649-50.
Kim 2009b {published data only}
    1. Kim H, Choi JB, Bae JH, Lee JG. Efficacy of propiverine for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (Abstract number 670). In: International Continence Society (ICS); 39th Annual Meeting; 2009 Sept 29-Oct 3; San Francisco, California. 2009.
Kim 2009c {published data only}
    1. Kim SJ, Kim SW, Hwang TK, Kim JC, Kim HW, Lee DH, et al. Initial combination treatment using anti-cholinergics plus a-blocker for the treatment of men with overactive bladder and benign prostatic hypertrophy patients: a prospective, randomized, multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (Abstract number 401). In: International Continence Society (ICS); 39th Annual Meeting; 2009 Sept 29-Oct 3; San Francisco, California. 2009.
Kim 2011 {published data only}
    1. Kim H, Lee SH, Choi NG. The effect of desmopressin combined with anticholinergic on daytime frequency in female patients with overactive bladder (Abstract number 705). In: International Continence Society (ICS); 41st Annual Meeting; 2011 Aug 29-Sept 2; Glasgow, Scotland. 2011.
    1. Kim H, Lee SH. The effect of desmopressin combined with anticholinergic on daytime frequency in female patients with overactive bladder (Abstract number 66). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2012;31(6):812.
Kinjo 2015 {published data only}
    1. Kinjo M, Enomoto K, Sekiguchi Y, Yoshimura Y, Okegawa T, Nutahara K. Comparison of long term compliance with mirabegron and solifenacin in treatment-naive female overactive bladder patients (Abstract number 123). In: International Continence Society (ICS); 45th Annual Meeting; 2015 Oct 6-9; Montreal, Canada. 2015.
Kirschner‐Hermanns 1997 {published data only}
    1. Kirschner-Hermanns R, DuBeau C, Resnick NM. Oxybutynin for incontinence in institutionalized elderly - a re-evaluation. In: International Continence Society (ICS), 27th Annual Meeting; 1997 Sept 23-26; Yokohama, Japan. 1997:149-50. [sr-incont5860]
Kobayashi 2009 {published data only}
    1. Kobayashi H, Sawada N, Zakohji H, Yoshiyama M, Araki I, Takeda M. Researches on the improvement of QoL in both patients with overactive bladder syndrome and their caregivers: comparison between pharmacotherapy alone and combination of pharmacotherapy, physio-therapy, and education of both patients and caregivers (Abstract number 516). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 39th Annual Meeting; 2009 Sept 29-Oct 3; San Francisco, California. 2009.
Komesu 2018 {published data only}
    1. Komesu YM, Schrader R, Rogers RG, Sapien R, Ketai LH. Hypnotherapy or pharmacotherapy for urgency urinary incontinence treatment in women: the hyp-hop randomized clinical trial (Abstract number 8). Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery 2018;24(5):S4.
    1. Komesu YM, Schrader RM, Rogers RG, Sapien RE, Mayer AR, Ketai LH. Hypnotherapy or Medications: a randomized non-inferiority trial in urgency urinary incontinent women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020;222(2):159-e1. - PMC - PubMed
Konstantinidis 2010a {published data only}
    1. Konstantinidis C, Andreadakis S, Skriapas K, Kartaklis P, Thomas C, Karyotis I, et al. Monotherapy with anticholinergics in patients with storage LUTS and non-obstructive BPH (Abstract number 453). In: Joint Meeting of the International Continence Society (ICS) and International Urogynecological Association (IUGA); 2010 Aug 23-27; Toronto, Canada. 2010.
Konstantinidis 2010b {published data only}
    1. Konstantinidis C, Andreadakis S, Skriapas K, Kartaklis P, Thomas C, Serafetinidis E, et al. Combination treatment with a-blockers and anticholinergics for LUTS in men with BPH (Abstract number 457). In: Joint Meeting of the International Continence Society (ICS) and International Urogynecological Association; 2010 Aug 23-27; Toronto, Canada. 2010.
Kosilov 2014b {published data only}
    1. Kosilov KV, Loparev SA, Ivanovskaya MA, Kosilova LV. Decrease of risk of developing symptoms of OAB in elderly men and women treated with loop diuretic for hypertensive disease using solifenacin. Current Aging Science 2014;7(3):229-34. [sr-incont66889] - PubMed
Kosilov 2014c {published data only}
    1. Kosilov KV, Loparev SA, Ivanovskaya MA, Kosilova LV. Comparative effectiveness of combined low- and standard-dose trospium and solifenacin for moderate overactive bladder symptoms in elderly men and women. Urologia Internationalis 2014;93(4):470-3. - PubMed
Kosilov 2014d {published data only}
    1. Kosilov KV, Loparev SA, Ivanovskaya MA, Kosilova LV. Randomized controlled trial of cyclic and continuous therapy with trospium and solifenacin combination for severe overactive bladder in elderly patients with regard to patient compliance. Therapeutic Advances in Urology 2014;6(6):215-23. - PMC - PubMed
Kosilov 2018 {published data only}
    1. Kosilov K, Kuzina I, Loparev S, Gainullina Y, Kosilova L, Prokofyeva A. Influence of the short-term intake of high doses of solifenacin and trospium on cognitive function and health-related quality of life in older women with urinary incontinence. International Neurourology Journal 2018;22(1):41-50. [00218-M-1012015] [sr-incont78614] - PMC - PubMed
Kramer 1987 {published data only}
    1. Kramer AEJL, Zeegers AGM, Kiesswetter H, Jonas U. Drug treatment of urgency: a double blind trial of cetiprin®, dridase®, urispas® and placebo [Medicamenteuze behandeling van overmatige mictiedrang: Dubbel-blind onderzoek van cetiprin®, dridase®, urispas® en placebo]. TGO tijdschrift voor Therapie, Geneesmiddel, en Onderzoek 1987;12(7):256-61. [srincont-6396]
Kuipers 2002 {published data only}
    1. Kuipers M, Tran DD, Krauwinkel W, Abila B, Mulder H. Absolute bioavailability of YM905 in healthy male volunteers: a single-dose, randomized, two-period crossover study (Abstract). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 32nd Annual Meeting; 2002 Aug 28-30; Heidelberg, Germany. 2002:296-7. [sr-incont14531]
Kutub Uddin Awal 2018 {published data only}
    1. NCT03558919, Kutub Uddin Awal AS. Efficacy and safety of mirabegron compared with solifenacin in treatment of overactive bladder. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03558919 (first received 15 June 2018). [NCT03558919] [sr-incont78616]
Larsson 1999 {published data only}
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Lee 2009 {published data only}
    1. NCT00922506, Lee KS. Combination treatment with doxazosin plus tolterodineSR 2mg versus 4mg in men with an overactive bladder (OAB) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) [Comparison of the efficacy and safety of combination treatment with doxazosin plus tolterodinesr 2 mg vs doxazosin plus tolterodinesr 4 mg in men with an OAB/BPO: randomized controlled study]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00922506 2009.
Lee 2013 {published data only}
    1. Lee KS, Park B, Kim JH, Kim HG, Seo JT, Lee JG, et al. A randomised, double-blind, parallel design, multi-institutional non-inferiority phase IV trial of imidafenacin versus fesoterodine for overactive bladder. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2013;67(12):1317-26. - PubMed
Leng 2012 {published data only}
    1. Leng J, Wan B, Du C, Li W, Xie K, Shen Z, et al. Randomized clinical trial evaluating safety and efficacy of propiverine ER 30mg and tolterodine ER 4mg in the treatment of overactive bladder (Abstract number 338). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 42nd Annual Meeting; 2012 Oct 15-19; Beijing, China. 2012.
Liao 2012 {published data only}
    1. Liao C, Wang C, Kuo H. A prospective randomized study of tolterodine and doxazosin monotherapy as the first line treatment of male lower urinary tract symptoms with predominant storage symptoms based on IPSS voiding to storage subscore ratio (Abstract number 20). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2012;31(6):751-2.
    1. Liao CH, Kuo HC. A prospective randomized comparative study of first-line tolterodine and doxazosin monotherapy for men with predominant storate symptoms. European Urology, Supplements 2013;12(1):e742-3.
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Madersbacher 2003 {published data only}
    1. Madersbacher H, Pilloni S. Efficacy of extracorporeal magnetic innervation therapy (EXMI) in comparison to standard therapy for stress, urge and mixed incontinence: a randomised prospective trial (Abstract). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 33rd Annual Meeting; 2003 Oct 5-9; Florence, Italy. 2003:296-7.
Madersbacher 2005 {published data only}
    1. Madersbacher H, Hessdoerfer E, Martan A, Nurkiewicz W, Bruenjes R, Shah J. Safety, tolerability and efficacy of propiverine long-term treatment (Abstract number 573). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 35th Annual Meeting; 2005 Aug 28-Sept 2; Montreal, Canada. 2005.
Malhotra 2008 {published data only}
    1. Malhotra B, Wood N, Guan Z, Gelman K. Pharmacokinetic profile of fesoterodine, a novel antimuscarinic treatment for overactive bladder (Abstract cp028). British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2008;65(6):999-1000.
Malhotra 2010 {published data only}
    1. Malhotra B, Wood N, Sachse R, Gandelman K. Thorough QT study of the effect of fesoterodine on cardiac repolarization. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2010;48(5):309-18. [sr-incont39598] - PubMed
Malkoc 2012 {published data only}
    1. Malkoc E, Ates F, Senkul T, Adayener C, Soydan H, Baykal KV. Additive role of trospium chloride in the management of men with voiding and storage symptoms. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 2012;32(5):1374-80.
Mangel 2012 {published data only}
    1. Mangel J, Bennett J, Comiter C, Zylstra S, Bird ET, Griebling TL, et al. Evaluation of quality of life improvements at six months in subjects with overactive bladder randomised to InterStim therapy implant vs. standard medical therapy. Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery 2012;18(5 Suppl 2):S50.
Manjunatha 2014 {published data only}
    1. CTRI/2014/09/005000, Manjunatha R. A comparative study of occurrence and severity of constipation (difficulty in passing stools) with darifenacin and trospium used in the treatment of overactive bladder, a disease in which there is an increased frequency of urination, nocturnal urinations, urgency with or without urinary leakage [A prospective, comparative study of the incidence and severity of constipation with darifenacin and trospium in overactive bladder]. ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=9217 (first received 10 September 2014). [CTRI/2014/09/005000] [sr-incont64505]
Manriquez 2013 {published data only}
    1. Manriquez VI, Naser ME, Gomez M, Guzman R, Valdevenito R, Lecannelier J, et al. Transcutaneal tibial nerve stimulation versus long release oxibutinin in the treatment of patients with overactive bladder: a randomized control trial (Abstract number 013). International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 2013;24:S14.
Massey 1986 {published data only}
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Matsukawa 2016 {published data only}
    1. UMIN000024442, Matsukawa Y. Comparison of fesoterodine and mirabegron in the treatment of female overactive bladder patients with urgency incontinence: a randomized, prospective study (Feminine study). upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000028108 (first received 1 November 2016). [JPRN-UMIN000024442] [sr-incont74045]
Mattiasson 2001 {published data only}
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Mattiasson 2008 {published data only}
    1. Mattiasson A, Masala A, Morton R, Bolodeoku J. Efficacy of simplified bladder training in patients with overactive bladder receiving a solifenacin flexible-dose regimen: results from a randomized study. BJU International 2010;105(8):1126-35. - PubMed
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Mazur 1994 {published data only}
    1. Mazur D, Göcking K, Wehnert J, Schubert G, Herfurth G, Alken RG. Clinical and urodynamic effects of oral propiverine therapy in neurogenic urinary incontinence: a multicenter study for optimizing dosage. Urologe-Ausgabe A 1994;33(5):447-52. - PubMed
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Mehnert 2009 {published data only}
    1. Mehnert U, Sauermann P, Schiffers M, Schurch B. Proof of principle: does oral antimuscarinic treatment affect resting heart rate variability? A placebo controlled investigation with 4 & 8 mg tolterodine ER (Abstract number 711). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 39th Annual Meeting; 2009 Sept 29-Oct 3; San Francisco, California. 2009. [sr-incont35329]
Meyhoff 1983 {published data only}
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Moisey 1980 {published data only}
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    1. Moore KH, Hay DM, Imrie AE, Watson A, Goldstein M. Oxybutynin hydrochloride (3mg) in the treatment of women with idiopathic detrusor instability. British Journal of Urology 1990;66(5):479-85. [srincont-327] - PubMed
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Murray 1984 {published data only}
    1. Murray KHA, Patterson JR, Stephenson TP. A double-blind three way cross over placebo controlled trial of cystrin and cetiprin novum. In: International Continence Society (ICS), 14th Annual Meeting; 1984 Sept 13-15; Innsbruck, Austria. 1984:454. [srincont-10960]
Nardulli 2012 {published data only}
    1. Nardulli R, Losavio E, Ranieri M, Fiore P, Megna G, Bellomo RG, et al. Combined antimuscarinics for treatment of neurogenic overactive bladder. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 2012;25(Suppl 1):35S-41S. - PubMed
National Taiwan University Hospital 2015 {published data only}
    1. NCT02540707, National Taiwan University Hospital. Comparisons of the effects of solifenacin versus mirabegron on autonomic system, arterial stiffness and psychosomatic distress and clinical outcomes [Comparisons of the effects of solifenacin versus mirabegron on autonomic system, arterial stiffness and psychosomatic distress and clinical outcomes: a prospective randomized controlled trial]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02540707 (first received 04 September 2015).
NCT00189800 {published data only}
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NCT00269750 {published data only}
    1. NCT00269750. A study comparing the efficacy and safety of OROS Oxybutynin to that of Ditropan (immediate release Oxybutynin) for the treatment of patients with urge or mixed urinary incontinence [The maximum tolerated dose and minimum effective dose of OROS® Oxybutynin compared to Ditropan® (immediate-release Oxybutynin) in the treatment of patients with urge or mixed urinary incontinence]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00269750 (first received 26 December 2005).
NCT00338624 {published data only}
    1. NCT00338624. An effectiveness and safety study comparing oxybutynin chloride plus FLOMAX (Tamsulosin HCl) and placebo plus FLOMAX (Tamsulosin HCl) for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms [A double-blind, randomized, parallel group trial of Ditropan XL (oxybutynin chloride) extended release tablets or placebo in combination with FLOMAX (tamsulosin hydrochloride) for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms.]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00338624 (first received 20 June 2006).
Nelken 2011 {published data only}
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Nishizawa 2007 {published data only}
    1. Nishizama Y, Nishizawa Y, Yoshioka H. Efficacy and safety of Chinese traditional medicine, Niu-Che-Shwn-Qi-Wan (Japanese name: goshajinki-gan) versus propiverine hydrochloride on health-related quality of life in patients with overactive bladder in prospective randomized comparative study. Kampo to Saishin-Chiryo (Kampo and the Newest Therapy) 2007;16:131-42.
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Orhan 2015 {published data only}
    1. Orhan I, Onur R. The role of percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) either alone or combined with an anticholinergic agent in treatment of patients with overactive bladder (Abstract number 553). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 45th Annual Meeting; 2015 Oct 6-9; Montreal, Canada. 2015.
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Park 2014 {published data only}
    1. Park C, Park J, Choo MS, Kim JC, Lee JG, Lee JZ, et al. A randomised, prospective double-blind, propiverine-controlled trial of imidafenacin in patients with overactive bladder. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2014;68(2):188-96. - PubMed
Paulson 1978 {published data only}
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Rackley 2006 {published data only}
    1. Nitti VW, Dmochowski R, Appell RA, Wang JT, Bavendam T, Guan Z. Efficacy and tolerability of tolterodine extended-release in continent patients with overactive bladder and nocturia. BJU International 2006;97(6):1262-6. [sr-incont22426] - PubMed
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Rana 2016 {published data only}
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Reese 2005 {published data only}
    1. Reese P, Niecko T, Huels J, Kelleher C. Darifenacin provides clinically meaningful quality of life improvements in patients with overactive bladder assessed by minimal important difference (mid) analysis (Abstract number 326). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 35th Annual Meeting; 2005 Aug 28-Sep 02; Montreal, Canada. 2005. [sr-incont21089]
Riva 1984 {published data only}
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Robinson 1983 {published data only}
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Rosario 1995a {published data only}
    1. Rosario DJ, Leaker BR, Noble JG, Milroy E, Chapple CR. A double-blind placebo controlled crossover study of the effects of single doses of darifenacin on cystometric parameters in patients with detrusor instability. In: International Continence Society (ICS), 25th Annual Meeting; 1996 Oct 17-20; Sydney, Australia. 1995:223. [srincont-8135]
Rosario 1995b {published data only}
    1. Rosario DJ, Leaker BR, Chapple CR. A pilot study of the effects of multiple doses of the M3 muscarinic receptor agonist darifenacin on ambulatory parameters of detrusor activity in patients with detrusor instability (Abstract 36). Neurourology and Urodynamics 1995;14(5):464-5. [srincont-4574]
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Rovner 2017 {published data only}
    1. Rovner ES, Raymond K, Andruczyk E, Juul KV. Low-dose desmopressin and tolterodine combination therapy for treating nocturia in women with overactive bladder: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms 2018;10(3):221-30. [DOI: 10.1111/luts.12169] - DOI - PubMed
Sand 2005 {published data only}
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    1. Sand P, Miklos J, Goldberg R, Staskin D, Luber K, Serels S, et al. How much does overactive bladder impact interest in sexual intimacy? Baseline results from the MATRIX study (Abstract number 322). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 35th Annual Meeting; 2005 Aug 28-Sept 02; Montreal, Canada. 2005.
Sand 2011 {published data only}
    1. Sand PK, Rovner ES, Watanabe JH, Oefelein MG. Once-daily trospium chloride 60 mg extended release in subjects with overactive bladder syndrome who use multiple concomitant medications: post hoc analysis of pooled data from two randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Drugs and Aging 2011;28(2):151-60. - PubMed
Sekeroglu 2016 {published data only}
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    1. Serrano Brambila EA, Avila RG, Monterrubio JL, Aranda JM. Assessment of effectiveness of and tolerance to oxybutynin in the treatment of unstable bladder in women [Evaluación de la efectividad y tolerancia de la oxibutinina en el tratamiento de la vejiga inestable en la mujer]. Ginecologia y Obstetricia de México 2000;68:174-81. [srincont-11702] - PubMed
Shim 2015 {published data only}
    1. Shim M, Kim J, Park S, Choi S‐K, Lee SM, Huh KO, et al. The therapeutic effect of solifenacin succinate on the recovery from voiding dysfunction after radical prostatectomy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Urology 2015;85(5):1123-9. - PubMed
Shimizu 2013 {published data only}
    1. Shimizu N, Tsujimura A, Akino H, Oguchi N, Kitagawa Y, Segawa N, et al. Imidafenacin reduces nocturia in BPH/OAB patients with or without hypertension: a sub-analysis of the GOOD-NIGHT study (Abstract number 390). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 43rd Annual Meeting; 2013 Aug 26-30; Barcelona, Spain. 2013.
Song 2006 {published data only}
    1. Song C, Park JT, Heo KO, Lee KS, Choo MS. Effects of bladder training and/or tolterodine in female patients with overactive bladder syndrome: a prospective, randomized study. Journal of Korean Medical Science 2006;21(6):1060-3. - PMC - PubMed
Srivastava 2019 {published data only}
    1. Srivastava VK, Agrawal S, Deshmukh SA, Noushad F, Khan S, Kumar R. The effectiveness of trospium for prevention of catheter-related bladder discomfort: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 2020;73(2):145-50. [CTRI/2016/11/007423] [sr-incont78626] - PMC - PubMed
Staskin 2006 {published data only}
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Staskin 2009a {published data only}
    1. Rudy D, Hanno P, Caramelli K, Thomas H, Hoel G. Quality of life in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oxybutynin chloride topical gel treatment of patients with overactive bladder (Abstract number 210). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2009;28(7):834-6. [srincont-35332]
    1. Sand PK, Davila GW, Lucente VR, Thomas H, Caramelli KE, Hoel G. Efficacy and safety of oxybutynin chloride topical gel for women with overactive bladder syndrome. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012;206(2):168.e1-6. [srincont-44752] - PubMed
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Staskin 2010 {published data only}
    1. Staskin D, Kay G, Tannenbaum C, Goldman HB, Bhashi K, Ling J, et al. Trospium chloride has no effect on memory testing and is assay undetectable in the central nervous system of older patients with overactive bladder. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2010;64(9):1294-300. [sr-incont41594] - PubMed
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Tack 2012 {published data only}
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Tapp 1987 {published data only}
    1. Tapp A, Fall M, Norgaard J, Massey A, Choa R, Carr T, et al. A dose-titrated, multicentre study of terodiline in the treatment of detrusor instability. Neurourology and Urodynamics 1987;6(3):254-5. [sr-incont3255]
Tapp 1989 {published data only}
    1. Tapp A, Fall M, Norgaard J, Massey A, Choa R, Carr T, et al. Terodiline: a dose titrated, multicenter study of the treatment of idiopathic detrusor instability in women. Journal of Urology 1989;142(4):1027-31. [sr-incont399] - PubMed
Tapp 1990 {published data only}
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Terodiline 1993 {published data only}
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Tseng 2007 {published data only}
    1. Tseng LH, Liang CC, Chang YL, Lin YH, Soong YK, Wang A. A randomized comparative study of vaginal estrogen cream in postmenopausal women with overactive bladder syndrome (Abstract number 27). International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 2007;18(Suppl 1):S15-6.
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Tubaro 2017 {published data only}
    1. Tubaro A, Batista JE, Nitti VW, Herschorn S, Chapple CR, Blauwet MB, et al. Efficacy and safety of daily mirabegron 50 mg in male patients with overactive bladder: a critical analysis of five phase III studies. Therapeutic Advances in Urology 2017;9(6):137-54. [sr-incont76730] - PMC - PubMed
Vecchioli‐Scaldazza 2016 {published data only}
    1. Vecchioli-Scaldazza C, Morosetti C. Comparison of therapeutic efficacy and urodynamic findings of solifenacin succinate versus mirabegron in women with overactive bladder syndrome: results of a randomized controlled study. Urologia Internationalis 2016;97(3):325-9. - PubMed
Vecchioli‐Scaldazza 2017 {published data only}
    1. Vecchioli‐Scaldazza C, Morosetti C, Maruccia S, Casellato S, Rociola W, Illiano E, et al. A randomized, multicenter, controlled study, comparing efficacy and safety of a new complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) versus solifenacin succinate in women with overactive bladder. Archivio Italiano di Urologia, Andrologia 2017;89(4):296-300. - PubMed
Viayna 2004 {published data only}
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Visco 2012 {published data only}
    1. Visco AG, Brubaker L, Jelovsek JE, Wilson TS, Norton P, Zyczynski HM, et al. Adherence to oral therapy for urgency urinary incontinence: results from the anticholinergic versus botox comparison (ABC) trial. Pelvic Floor Disorders NetworkFemale Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery 2016;22(1):24-8. - PMC - PubMed
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Wagg 2006 {published data only}
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    1. Wagg A, Dale M, Tretter R, Stow B, Compion G. Randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study investigating the effect of solifenacin and oxybutynin in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment: The SENIOR Study. European Urology 2013;64(1):74-81. [2008-005966-29] [905-EC-008] [NCT01126424] [TrialID.SENIOR.] [sr-incont48096] - PubMed
Walter 1982 {published data only}
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Wang 2013 {published data only}
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Wang 2019a {published data only}
    1. Wang CC, Kuo HC, Jiang YH. Adding mirabegron on intravesical onabotulinumtoxina provides better therapeutic effects in patients with severe overactive bladder syndrome (Abstract number PD36-08). Journal of Urology 2019;201(4):e658-9. [sr-incont78641]
Wang 2019b {published data only}
    1. Wang J, Zhou Z, Cui Y, Li Y, Yuan H, Gao Z, et al. Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of mirabegron and solifenacin monotherapy for overactive bladder. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2019;38(1):22-30. [Other: sr-incont78642] - PubMed
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Wein 1978 {published data only}
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Wein 1999 {published data only}
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Wesnes 2008 {published data only}
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Wise 1992 {published data only}
    1. Wise BG, Cardozo LD, Cutner A, Kelleher C, Burton G. Maximal electrical stimulation: an acceptable alternative to anticholinergic therapy (Abstract 32). In: American Urogynecology Society (AUGS), 13th Annual Meeting; 1992 Sept 27-30; Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1992.
Xu 2013 {published data only}
    1. Xu T, Xie L, Huang X. Disease correlation and effects of pelvic floor muscle training on tolterodine based treatment for female primary overactive bladder syndrome (Abstract number 543). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 43rd Annual Meeting; 2013 Aug 26-30; Barcelona, Spain. 2013.
Yang 1990 {published data only}
    1. Yang R, et al. Verapamil in the treatment of unstable bladder. Zhonghua Miniao Waike Zazhi 1990;11(1):29-31.
Yangyun 2014 {published data only}
    1. Yangyun W, Xilong W, Guowei S, Jiayang H, Jun Z, Yanbin Z. Comparison of solifenacin monotherapy with solifenacin and doxazosin combination therapy for the treatment of severe overactive bladder with sexual dysfunction among the youthful and middle-aged females [索利那新联合多沙唑嗪治疗中青年女性重度膀胱过度活动症伴性功能障碍的疗效观察]. Chinese Journal of Andrology 2014;28(2):26-31. [Other: sr-incont70933]
Yasui 2011 {published data only}
    1. UMIN000005374, Yasui T. Combinational effect of clenbuterol chloride and anticholinergic drugs on female stress and mixed urinary incontinence. upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000006378 (first received 4 April 2011). [JPRN-UMIN000005374] [sr-incont64560]
Yokoyama 2009 {published data only}
    1. Yokoyama T, Hara R, Kondo N, Fujii T, Jo Y, Miyaji Y, et al. Naftopidil and propiverin hydrochrolide for treatment of male lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia and concomitant overactive bladder: a prospective randomized controlled study (Abstract number 1581). Journal of Urology 2009;181(Suppl 4):568.
Yokoyama 2013a {published data only}
    1. Yokoyama T, Koide T, Hara R, Fukumoto K, Miyaji Y, Nagai A. Long-term safety and efficacy of two different antimuscarinics, imidefenacin and solifenacin, for treatment of overactive bladder: a prospective randomized controlled study. Urologia Internationalis 2013;90(2):161-7. [sr-incont47580] - PubMed
Yokoyama 2013b {published data only}
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Zaitsu 2011 {published data only}
    1. Zaitsu M, Mikami K, Ishida N, Takeuchi T. Comparative evaluation of the safety and efficacy of long-term use of imidefenacin and solifenacin in patients with overactive bladder: a prospective, open, randomized, parallel-group trial (the LIST study) (Abstract number 164). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2011;30(6):1032-3. - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Zeegers AGM, Kiesswetter H, Kramer AEJL, Jonas U. Conservative therapy of frequency, urgency and urge incontinence: a double-blind clinical trial of flavoxate hydrochloride, oxybutynin chloride, emepronium bromide and placebo. World Journal of Urology 1987;5(1):57-61. [sr-incont5158]
Zhang 2012 {published data only}
    1. Zhang M, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Gao J, Wang Y. Efficacy of solifenacin with or without tamsulosin in patients with overactive bladder (Abstract number 754). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 42nd Annual Meeting; 2012 Oct 15-19; Beijing, China. 2012.
Zhu 2013 {published data only}
    1. NCT01833663, Zhu L, Jiang F. Effectiveness and safety study of solifenacin succinate and solifenacin succinate + estrogen to treat OAB in postmenopausal women (OAB) [Multi-site, randomized, opened and controlled comparison study on the effectiveness and safety of solifenacin succinate tablets and solifenacin succinate tablets + estrogen for overactive bladder in the post-menopausal women]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01833663 (first received 17 April 2013). [NCT01833663] [sr-incont49361]
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References to studies awaiting assessment

Chapple 2001 {published data only}
    1. Chapple CR, Madersbacher H, Dreikorn K, Dorschner W, Murtz G. Urodynamics and frequency/volume chart - do they correlate? Treatment analysis of propiverine in comparison to oxybutynin and placebo in urge incontinence (Abstract number 224). In: International Continence Society (ICS), 31st Annual Meeting; 2001 Sep 18-21; Seoul, Korea. 2001. [sr-incont14474]
Chuang 2021 {published data only}
    1. Chuang YC, Lin CC, Chow PM, Lien CS, Tsui KH, Chou CL, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of imidafenacin in patients with overactive bladder in Taiwan. LUTS 2021;13(1):108-17. - PubMed
DuBeau 2000 {published data only}
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Frankel 2022 {published data only}
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Govier 2010 {published data only}
    1. Cardozo L, Herschorn S, Snijder R, Siddiqui E, Chapple CR. Does BMI, gender or age affect efficacy/tolerability of solifenacin in the management of overactive bladder? International Urogynecology Journal 2017;28(3):477-88. [sr-incont75259] - PubMed
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Herschorn 1999 {published data only}
    1. Herschorn S, Carr L. A randomized, double-blind parallel comparison of the efficacy and safety of controlled release oxybutynin and immediate release oxybutynin for urinary incontinence. Funding for study 1999. Available at http://surgery.utoronto.ca/Assets/Surgery+Digital+Assets/About/Reports/2... (accessed 20 November 2013). [sr-incont49185]
Ibinaeva 2012 {published data only}
    1. Ibinaeva IS, Apolikhina IA, Makhmedzhanova FN, Muslimova SZ. Solifenacin in the treatment of overactive bladder: results of a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Urologiia 2012;5:24-8. [srincont-46808] - PubMed
JapicCTI‐152936 {published data only}
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Kim 2022 {published data only}
    1. Kim JH, NCT05282069. A study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DA-8010 in patients with overactive bladder [A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-reference, randomized, parallel, therapeutic confirmatory clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DA-8010 in patients with overactive bladder]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT05282069 (first received 16 March 2022).
Martin 2007 {published data only}
    1. EUCTR2006-004854-26-SE. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, phase II, forced dose titration study to investigate the efficacy and safety of 400 mg and 600 mg flupirtine (ELB245) given once daily for 12 weeks (8 + 4 weeks) versus placebo and versus 4 mg tolterodine given once daily in patients with incontinent overactive bladder (OAB) . clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=+EUCTR2006-004854-26-SE (first received 04 December 2006). [ELB245201-06] [sr-incont49285]
    1. Martin M, NCT00439192 . ELB245 for 12 weeks versus 4mg tolterodine in patients with incontinent overactive bladder (OAB) [A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, phase II, forced dose titration study to investigate the efficacy and safety of 400 mg and 600 mg ELB245 given once daily for 12 weeks (8 + 4 weeks) versus placebo and versus 4 mg tolterodine given once daily in patients with incontinent overactive bladder (OAB)]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00439192 (first received 23 February 2007). [ELB245201-06] [NCT00439192] [sr-incont49158]
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Pleil 2005 {published data only}
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Son 2021 {published data only}
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References to ongoing studies

Hajebrahimi 2015 {published data only}
    1. IRCT2015010720598N1. The effect of solifenacin succinate on intraocular pressure [Ocular effects of solifenacin succinate in women with narrow angle glaucoma and overactive bladder syndrome]. en.irct.ir/trial/18253 (first received 22 June 2015). [IRCT2015010720598N1] [sr-incont78608] [tbzmed.rec.1394.127]
NCT00553657 {published data only}
    1. NCT00553657. The study to test the effect of standardization of fluid intake in female patients with overactive bladder [A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study to evaluate the effect of standardization of fluid intake on the variability of measured voiding parameters in female patients with idiopathic overactive bladder]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00553657 (first received 04 November 2007). [NCT00553657] [sr-incont60907]
NCT03566134 {published data only}
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NCT03632772 {published data only}
    1. NCT03632772, Kuo HC. Comparison of solifenacin and mirabegron in treatment of overactive bladder symptoms in men after TURP [Comparative study of solifenacin and mirabegron in treatment of overactive bladder symptoms in men after transurethral resection of the prostate - a randomized prospective study]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03632772 (first received 15 August 2018). [NCT03632772] [TCGH107-115-A] [sr-incont78615]
NCT03817931 {published data only}
    1. NCT03817931. Higher neural changes following anticholinergic, beta 3 agonist, or placebo in patients with overactive bladder [Higher neural and cognitive changes following anticholinergic versus beta 3 agonist versus placebo treatments in female patients with overactive bladder: a multicenter randomized controlled pilot trial]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03817931 (first received 28 January 2019). [MEDLINE: ] [160362] [NCT03817931]

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References to other published versions of this review

Azam 1999
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