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. 2023 Jul;23(7):397-400.
doi: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0006. Epub 2023 May 10.

Serosurveillance for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody in Feral Swine and White-Tailed Deer in Texas

Pedro M Palermo  1 , Jeanette Orbegozo  1 , Douglas M Watts  1 , John C Morrill  2
Affiliations

Serosurveillance for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody in Feral Swine and White-Tailed Deer in Texas

Pedro M Palermo et al. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2023 Jul.

Abstract

Background: Serological evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been reported in white-tailed deer (WTD) in the United States and Canada. Even though WTD are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is no evidence of infection by this virus in other mammalian species that might interact with WTD in nature. Similar to WTD, feral swine are widely distributed and generally occupy the same range as WTD in Texas. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody in WTD during 2020 and 2021 and determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody in feral swine during 2018 (prepandemic period) and from March 2020 to February 2021 (pandemic period) in Travis County, Texas. Materials and Methods: Sera samples were collected from hunter-killed WTD and feral swine during the prepandemic and pandemic period and tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibody by a plaque reduction neutralization assay in Vero cells. Results: SARS-CoV-2 antibody was not detected in any of the 166 feral swine sera samples, including 24 samples collected during the prepandemic and 142 samples collected during the pandemic period. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 antibody was not detected in the 115 WTD samples collected during late 2020, but antibody was detected in WTD in early 2021. Conclusions: The results indicated that SARS-CoV-2 infection of WTD occurred during early 2021 in Travis County, Texas, but serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was not detected in the feral swine samples collected from the same locality and during the same time period of the collection of WTD samples.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Texas; feral swine; neutralizing antibody; white-tailed deer.

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Conflict of interest statement

No conflicting financial interests exist.

Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies trend in white-tailed deer from October 2020 to February 2021 in Travis County, Texas.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Publication types

Supplementary concepts