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. 2023 May 10;13(1):7632.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-34155-2.

The 15-year national trends of endocrine cancers incidence among Iranian men and women; 2005-2020

Narges Zargar Balajam  1 , Amir-Hossein Mousavian  1 , Ali Sheidaei  2 , Kimiya Gohari  3 , Seyed Mohammad Tavangar  1 , Ali Ghanbari-Motlagh  4 , Afshin Ostovar  5 , Gita Shafiee #  6 , Ramin Heshmat #  7
Affiliations

The 15-year national trends of endocrine cancers incidence among Iranian men and women; 2005-2020

Narges Zargar Balajam et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Cancer is one of the important health problems in Iran, which is considered as the third cause of death. Endocrine cancers are rare but mostly curable. Thyroid cancer, the most common endocrine tumors, includes about one percent of malignant cancer. In this study, we examined the 15-year national trend of endocrine cancer incidence in Iranian men and women. The data in each province were evaluated based on age, gender, and cancer type according to International Classification of Disease Codes version 10 (ICD-10) from 2005 to 2020 in Iran. All data were obtained from the reports of the Statistics Center of Iran (SCI), 6 phases of the step-by-step approach to monitoring the risk factors of chronic diseases over 18 years old (STEPs), and 3 periods of the CASPIAN study (survey of non-communicable diseases in childhood and adolescence). Statistical analyzes and graph generation were done using R statistical software. Poisson regression with mixed effects was used for data modeling and incidence rate estimation. The incidence of thyroid gland malignancy is higher in women than in men. On the other hand, the incidence of adrenal gland cancer is slightly higher in men than in women. The same pattern is observed for other endocrine neoplasms and related structures. The incidence rate of these types of cancers has generally increased from 2005 to 2020 in Iran. This increase is more in women than in men. In addition, in the middle of the country, there is a strong region in terms of the occurrence of these types of cancers. The incidence rate in these provinces is relatively higher for both sexes and all studied periods. We conducted a study to observe the changing trends for various types of endocrine cancers over 15 years in men and women. Considering the increasing trend of thyroid cancers in Iran, therefore, creating essential policies for the management of these types of cancers for prevention, rapid diagnosis, and, timely treatment is particularly important.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Age specific trends of incidence rate of malignant neoplasms of thyroid and other endocrine glands in 100,000 population.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Age standardized incidence rate of malignant neoplasms of thyroid and other endocrine glands in 100,000 population.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Percentage of each type of malignant neoplasms from the total malignant neoplasms of thyroid and other endocrine glands.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Geographical distribution of malignant neoplasms of thyroid and other endocrine glands incidence rates per 100,000 population in 2005 and 2020.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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