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. 2023 May 12:25:e43808.
doi: 10.2196/43808.

Problems and Barriers Related to the Use of Digital Health Applications: Scoping Review

Godwin Denk Giebel  1 , Christian Speckemeier  1 , Carina Abels  1 , Felix Plescher  1 , Kirstin Börchers  2 , Jürgen Wasem  1 , Nikola Blase  1 , Silke Neusser  1
Affiliations

Problems and Barriers Related to the Use of Digital Health Applications: Scoping Review

Godwin Denk Giebel et al. J Med Internet Res. .

Abstract

Background: The digitization of health care led to a steady increase in the adoption and use of mobile health (mHealth) apps. Germany is the first country in the world to cover the costs of mHealth apps through statutory health insurance. Although the benefits of mHealth apps are discussed in detail, aspects of problems and barriers are rarely studied.

Objective: This scoping review aimed to map and categorize the evidence on problems and barriers related to the use of mHealth apps.

Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in the MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases. Additional searches were conducted on JMIR Publications and on websites of relevant international organizations. The inclusion criteria were publications dealing with apps similar to those approved in the German health care system, publications addressing problems and barriers related to the use of mHealth apps, and articles published between January 1, 2015, and June 8, 2021. Study selection was performed by 2 reviewers. The manuscript was drafted according to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist. The analysis of the included publications and categorization of problems and hurdles were performed using MAXQDA (VERBI Software GmbH).

Results: The database search identified 1479 publications. Of the 1479 publications, 21 (1.42%) met the inclusion criteria. A further 8 publications were included from citation searching and searching in JMIR Publications. The identified publications were analyzed for problems and barriers. Problems and barriers were classified into 10 categories ("validity," "usability," "technology," "use and adherence," "data privacy and security," "patient-physician relationship," "knowledge and skills," "individuality," "implementation," and "costs"). The most frequently mentioned categories were use and adherence (eg, incorporating the app into daily life or dropouts from use; n=22) and usability (eg, ease of use and design; n=19).

Conclusions: The search identified various problems and barriers in the context of mHealth apps. Although problems at the app level (such as usability) are studied frequently, problems at the system level are addressed rather vaguely. To ensure optimal use of and care with mHealth apps, it is essential to consider all types of problems and barriers. Therefore, researchers and policy makers should have a special focus on this issue to identify the needs for quality assurance.

International registered report identifier (irrid): RR2-10.2196/32702.

Keywords: DHA; DiGA; Digital Health Application; Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen; app; barrier; mHealth; mobile health; mobile phone; problem.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram depicting the selection of sources of evidence. DiGA: Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Problems and barriers related to the use of DiGA (n=number of included articles mentioning the respective category). DiGA: Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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