Oral Microbiome Community Composition in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

The impact of the oral microbiome on head and neck cancer pathogenesis and outcomes requires further study. 16s rRNA was isolated and amplified from pre-treatment oral wash samples for 52 cases and 102 controls. The sequences were binned into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the genus level. Diversity metrics and significant associations between OTUs and case status were assessed. The samples were binned into community types using Dirichlet multinomial models, and survival outcomes were assessed by community type. Twelve OTUs from the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Acinetobacter were found to differ significantly between the cases and the controls. Beta-diversity was significantly higher between the cases than between the controls (p < 0.01). Two community types were identified based on the predominant sets of OTUs within our study population. The community type with a higher abundance of periodontitis-associated bacteria was more likely to be present in the cases (p < 0.01), in older patients (p < 0.01), and in smokers (p < 0.01). Significant differences between the cases and the controls in community type, beta-diversity, and OTUs indicate that the oral microbiome may play a role in HNSCC.

Keywords: head and neck cancer; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; microbiome community type; oral microbiome.

Figure 1

Alpha diversity measurements comparing case-only variables (panel A) and case and control variables (panel B).

Figure 2

Community composition of community types 1 and 2. * OTU is measured to the Family level.

Figure 3

Kaplan–Meier curves comparing overall survival among the cases stratified by community type. p-value calculated from a Cox-proportional hazards model adjusting for stage, HPV, and V1, a surrogate variable from dSVA.