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Review
. 2023 May 8;15(9):2654.
doi: 10.3390/cancers15092654.

Prostate Cancer in Sexual Minorities: Epidemiology, Screening and Diagnosis, Treatment, and Quality of Life

Omid Yazdanpanah  1 , David J Benjamin  2 , Arash Rezazadeh Kalebasty  1
Affiliations
Review

Prostate Cancer in Sexual Minorities: Epidemiology, Screening and Diagnosis, Treatment, and Quality of Life

Omid Yazdanpanah et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Prostate cancer has the highest incidence among all cancers in men. Sexual minorities, including gay and bisexual men, as well as transgender, were previously a "hidden population" that experienced prostate cancer. Although there continues to remain a paucity of data in this population, analyses from studies do not reveal whether this population is more likely to endure prostate cancer. Nonetheless, several qualitative and quantitative studies have established worse quality-of-life outcomes for sexual minorities following prostate cancer treatment. Increased awareness of this previously "hidden population" among healthcare workers, as well as more research, is warranted to gain further understanding on potential disparities faced by this growing population.

Keywords: disparities; prostate cancer; quality of life; sexual minorities.

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Conflict of interest statement

O.Y. and D.J.B. have no conflicts of interest to disclose. A.R.K. declares stock and other ownership interests: ECOM Medical; consulting or advisory role: Exelixis, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Pfizer, Novartis, Genentech, Bristol Myers Squibb, EMD Serono, Immunomedics and Gilead Sciences; speakers’ bureau: Janssen, Astellas Medivation, Pfizer, Novartis, Sanofi, Genentech/Roche, Eisai, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Amgen, Exelixis, EMD Serono, Merck, Seattle Genetics/Astellas, Myovant Sciences, Gilead Sciences and AVEO; research funding: Genentech, Exelixis, Janssen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, Macrogenics, Astellas Pharma, Beyond Spring Pharmaceuticals, BioClin Therapeutics, Clovis Oncology, Bavarian Nordic, Seattle Genetics, Immunomedics and Epizyme; and travel, accommodations and/or expenses: Genentech, Prometheus, Astellas Medivation, Janssen, Eisai, Bayer, Pfizer, Novartis, Exelixis and AstraZeneca.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Specific considerations for prostate cancer in transgender women. Abbreviations: ADT: androgen deprivation therapy. GAHT: gender-affirming hormonal therapy. GAS: gender-affirming surgery. PSA: prostate specific antigen. RP: radical prostatectomy. RT: radiation therapy. TW: transgender women.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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