Foot Cooling between Interval Bouts Enhances Repeated Lower Limb Power Performance: The Role of Delaying Fatigue

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate whether interbout foot cooling (FC) may enhance repeated lower limb power performance and the corresponding physiological responses based on interset FC, which has been demonstrated to enhance leg-press performance. In a repeated-measures crossover design, ten active men (aged 21.5 ± 1.5 years, exercising >3 times per week) performed four bouts of 10-s cycle ergometer sprints with interbout FC at 10°C water for 2.5 min or non-cooling (NC) with a 5-day interval. The results indicated that FC elicited higher total work (27.57 ± 5.66 kJ vs. 26.55 ± 5.76 kJ) and arousal scores than NC (p < 0.05). Furthermore, under the NC condition, participants decreased mean power (p < 0.05) with no alteration of vastus lateralis (VL) electromyography (EMG) activities after the second bout; whereas under the FC condition, participants maintained steady mean power accompanied by increased VL EMG activities in the last two bouts (p < 0.05). Jointly, participants had higher mean power ([3^rd = 10.14 ± 1.15 vs. 9.37 ± 1.30; 4^th = 9.79 ± 1.22 vs. 9.23 ± 1.27] W/kg) and VL EMG activities in the last two bouts under the FC than NC condition (p < 0.05). However, perceived exertion and the heart rate were comparable between the two conditions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, interbout FC elicited a higher arousal level and repeated lower limb power performance, which could be explained by delaying peripheral fatigue via increasing excitatory drive and recruiting additional motor units to compensate for fatigue-related responses and power decrements.

Keywords: arousal; cold immersion; electromyography; leg press; power output.

Figure 1

Experimental design: procedures for four bouts of 10 s sprint cycling under the FC and NC conditions, including a schedule of variables collected. PO = power output; EMG = electromyography; HR = heart rate; FAS = felt arousal scale; RPE = rating of perceived exertion; FC = foot cooling; NC = non-cooling.

Figure 2

Total exercise volume of four bouts of 10-s sprint-cycling under the FC and NC conditions. * Significant difference between the FC and NC conditions. FC = foot cooling; NC = non-cooling.