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Review
. 2023 Apr 5;45(4):3102-3121.
doi: 10.3390/cimb45040203.

Host-Based Treatments for Severe COVID-19

Lucrezia Mondini  1 , Francesco Salton  1 , Liliana Trotta  1 , Chiara Bozzi  1 , Riccardo Pozzan  1 , Mariangela Barbieri  1 , Stefano Tavano  1 , Selene Lerda  2 , Michael Hughes  3 , Marco Confalonieri  1 , Paola Confalonieri  1 , Barbara Ruaro  1
Affiliations
Review

Host-Based Treatments for Severe COVID-19

Lucrezia Mondini et al. Curr Issues Mol Biol. .

Abstract

COVID-19 has been a global health problem since 2020. There are different spectrums of manifestation of this disease, ranging from asymptomatic to extremely severe forms requiring admission to intensive care units and life-support therapies, mainly due to severe pneumonia. The progressive understanding of this disease has allowed researchers and clinicians to implement different therapeutic alternatives, depending on both the severity of clinical involvement and the causative molecular mechanism that has been progressively explored. In this review, we analysed the main therapeutic options available to date based on modulating the host inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with severe and critical illness. Although current guidelines are moving toward a personalised treatment approach titrated on the timing of presentation, disease severity, and laboratory parameters, future research is needed to identify additional biomarkers that can anticipate the disease course and guide targeted interventions on an individual basis.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; cytokine storm; immune-system; immunomodulation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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