Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Apr 23:5:100126.
doi: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100126. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Antifungal therapy of Candida biofilms: Past, present and future

Olabayo H Ajetunmobi  1 , Hamid Badali  1 , Jesus A Romo  1 , Gordon Ramage  2 , Jose L Lopez-Ribot  1
Affiliations

Antifungal therapy of Candida biofilms: Past, present and future

Olabayo H Ajetunmobi et al. Biofilm. .

Abstract

Virtually all Candida species linked to clinical candidiasis are capable of forming highly resistant biofilms on different types of surfaces, which poses an additional significant threat and further complicates therapy of these infections. There is a scarcity of antifungal agents, and their effectiveness, particularly against biofilms, is limited. Here we provide a historical perspective on antifungal agents and therapy of Candida biofilms. As we reflect upon the past, consider the present, and look towards the future of antifungal therapy of Candida biofilms, we believe that there are reasons to remain optimistic, and that the major challenges of Candida biofilm therapy can be conquered within a reasonable timeframe.

Keywords: Antifungal agents; Biofilm; Candida spp..

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Brown G.D., Denning D.W., Gow N.A., Levitz S.M., Netea M.G., White T.C. Hidden killers: human fungal infections. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4(165):165rv13. Epub 2012/12/21. doi: 4/165/165rv13 [pii] 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004404. PubMed PMID: 23253612. - PubMed
    1. Thomas-Ruddel D.O., Schlattmann P., Pletz M., Kurzai O., Bloos F. Risk factors for invasive Candida infection in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest. 2022;161(2):345–355. Epub 20211018. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.08.081. PubMed PMID: 34673022; PMCID: PMC8941622. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Chakrabarti A., Singh S. Multidrug-resistant Candida auris: an epidemiological review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2020;18(6):551–562. Epub 20200413. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1750368. PubMed PMID: 32237924. - PubMed
    1. Kean R., Brown J., Gulmez D., Ware A., Ramage G. Candida auris: a decade of understanding of an enigmatic pathogenic yeast. J Fungi (Basel). 2020;6(1) Epub 20200226. doi: 10.3390/jof6010030. PubMed PMID: 32110970; PMCID: PMC7150997. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Silva S., Negri M., Henriques M., Oliveira R., Williams D.W., Azeredo J. Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis: biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity and antifungal resistance. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2012;36(2):288–305. Epub 20110606. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00278.x. PubMed PMID: 21569057. - PubMed