Photo-Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries using TiS2 Cathode

Abstract

Photo-rechargeable (solar) battery can be considered as an energy harvesting cum storage system, where it can charge the conventional metal-ion battery using light instead of electricity, without having other parasitic reactions. Here a two-electrode lithium-ion solar battery with multifaceted TiS₂ -TiO₂ hybrid sheets as cathode. The choice of TiS₂ -TiO₂ electrode ensures the formation of a type II semiconductor heterostructure while the lateral heterostructure geometry ensures high mass/charge transfer and light interactions with the electrode. TiS₂ has a higher lithium binding energy (1.6 eV) than TiO₂ (1.03 eV), ensuring the possibilities of higher amount of Li-ion insertion to TiS₂ and hence the maximum recovery with the photocharging, as further confirmed by the experiments. Apart from the demonstration of solar solid-state batteries, the charging of lithium-ion full cell with light indicates the formation of lithium intercalated graphite compounds, ensuring the charging of the battery without any other parasitic reactions at the electrolyte or electrode-electrolyte interfaces. Possible mechanisms proposed here for the charging and discharging processes of solar batteries, based on the experimental and theoretical results, indicate the potential of such systems in the forthcoming era of renewable energies.

Keywords: Li-ion full cells; TiS2 cathodes; density functional theory; in situ Raman studies; solar batteries; solid-state batteries; type II heterojunction.