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Review
. 2023 May 17;205(6):240.
doi: 10.1007/s00203-023-03580-2.

A comprehensive review on the medicinally valuable endosymbiotic fungi Penicillium chrysogenum

Rawan Shaaban  1 , Mohamed S Elnaggar  2   3 , Noha Khalil  1 , Abdel Nasser B Singab  4   5
Affiliations
Review

A comprehensive review on the medicinally valuable endosymbiotic fungi Penicillium chrysogenum

Rawan Shaaban et al. Arch Microbiol. .

Abstract

Recently, it has been shown that metabolites derived from endosymbiotic fungi attracted high attention, since plenty of them have promising pharmaceutical applications. The variation of metabolic pathways in fungi is considered an optimistic source for lead compounds. Among these classes are terpenoids, alkaloids, polyketides, and steroids, which have proved several pharmacological activities, including antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral actions. This review concludes the major isolated compounds from different strains of Penicillium chrysogenum during the period 2013-2023, together with their reported pharmacological activities. From literature surveys, 277 compounds have been identified from P. chrysogenum, which has been isolated as an endosymbiotic fungus from different host organisms, with specific attention paid to those showing marked biological activities that could be useful in the pharmaceutical industry in the future. This review represents documentation for a valuable reference for promising pharmaceutical applications or further needed studies on P. chrysogenum.

Keywords: Antimicrobial; Cytotoxicity; Endosymbiotic fungus; Penicillium chrysogenum; Secondary metabolites.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Percentage of classes of secondary metabolites identified in P. chrysogenum
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A map displaying the source of P. chrysogenum reviewed
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Structures of identified metabolites in P. chrysogenum
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Structures of identified metabolites in P. chrysogenum
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Structures of identified metabolites in P. chrysogenum
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Structures of identified metabolites in P. chrysogenum
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Structures of identified metabolites in P. chrysogenum
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Structures of identified metabolites in P. chrysogenum
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Structures of identified metabolites in P. chrysogenum
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Structures of identified metabolites in P. chrysogenum
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Structures of identified metabolites in P. chrysogenum
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Structures of identified metabolites in P. chrysogenum
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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