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. 2023 Jan-Dec:30:10732748231177544.
doi: 10.1177/10732748231177544.

Increased Burden of Second Bladder Cancer and Rectal Cancer in Prostate Cancer Treated With Radiotherapy: Results From Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results

JinFang Lin  1 , Xiangpeng Zhan  2 , Ru Chen  1   2 , Tao Chen  2 , Ming Jiang  2 , Yi Li  2 , Xiaoqiang Liu  2 , Guoxian Chen  1 , Bin Fu  2
Affiliations

Increased Burden of Second Bladder Cancer and Rectal Cancer in Prostate Cancer Treated With Radiotherapy: Results From Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results

JinFang Lin et al. Cancer Control. 2023 Jan-Dec.

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have confirmed the higher risk of bladder cancer (BC) and rectal cancer (RC) development among prostate cancer (PCa) patients receiving radiotherapy. In this study, we intend to explore the long-term trend in second BC and RC incidence among PCa patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Method: We identified first primary PCa patients diagnosed between 1975 and 2014 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-9 cancer registries. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated by calendar year of diagnosis among PCa patients receiving radiotherapy and not. P trends were evaluated using Poisson regression. 10-year cumulative incidence of BC and RC was calculated utilizing competing risk regression model.

Result: Of PCa patients treated with radiotherapy, SIRs of BC increased from .82 (95% CI: .35- 1.61) in 1980-1984 to 1.58 (95% CI: 1.48-1.68) in 2010-2014 (Ptrend=.003). SIRs of RC increased from 1.01 (95% CI: .27-2.58) in 1980-1984 to 1.54 (95% CI: 1.31-1.81) in 2010-2014 (Ptrend=.025). No statistically significant change in both BC and RC incidence was observed. The 10-year cumulative incidence of BC increased from 1975-1984 (.04%) to 2005-2014 (.15%) among PCa treated with radiotherapy. Simultaneously, the 10-year cumulative incidence of RC was demonstrated to range from 1975-1984 (.02%) to 2005-2014 (.11%).

Conclusion: we have observed an increasing trend in second BC and RC incidence in PCa patients receiving radiotherapy. There was no significant change in the incidence of second BC and RC in PCa without radiotherapy. These results reflect the increasing clinical burden of second malignant tumors in PCa patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Keywords: SEER; bladder cancer; prostate cancer; radiotherapy; rectal cancer; second malignant tumor.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Flow-chart showing the procedure used to identify patients with prostate cancer registered in the SEER database from 1975 to 2014 287x125 mm (600 x 600 DPI).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Trends in second bladder cancer and rectal cancer SIRs among patients with prostate cancer by age at diagnosis. 249x249 mm (600 x 600 DPI).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Trends in second bladder cancer and rectal cancer SIRs among prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy by radiotherapy strategy 350x120 mm (600 x 600 DPI).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Cumulative incidence of second bladder cancer and rectal cancer among prostate cancer patients: (A) radiotherapy vs non-radiotherapy (B) radiotherapy vs surgery 127x95 mm (600 x 600 DPI).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Cumulative incidence of second bladder cancer and rectal cancer among prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy by calendar year of prostate cancer diagnosis. 177x177 mm (600 x 600 DPI).
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