Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Apr 3;8(1):bpad006.
doi: 10.1093/biomethods/bpad006. eCollection 2023.

UCP-LF and other assay methods for schistosome circulating anodic antigen between 1978 and 2022

Ilemobayo Victor Fasogbon  1 , Patrick Maduabuchi Aja  1 , Erick Nyakundi Ondari  1   2 , Ismail Adebayo  3 , Olukayode Adebola Ibitoye  3 , Moses Egesa  4 , Deusdedit Tusubira  5 , Swamiappan Sasikumar  6 , Hope Onohuean  7
Affiliations
Review

UCP-LF and other assay methods for schistosome circulating anodic antigen between 1978 and 2022

Ilemobayo Victor Fasogbon et al. Biol Methods Protoc. .

Abstract

Detection of circulating anodic antigen (CAA) is known for its high sensitivity in diagnosing schistosomiasis infection, even in low-prevalence settings. The Up-Converting Phosphor-Lateral Flow (UCP-LF) assay developed in 2008 presented greater sensitivity than other assay methods in use for CAA detection. Our study aims to comprehensively review all studies conducted in this area and thus generate informed conclusions on the potential for adopting the UCP-LF assay for diagnosing this important yet neglected tropical disease. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we generated search criteria to capture all studies in English journals available in the Scopus and PubMed databases on 20 December 2022. A total of 219 articles were identified, and 84 that met the inclusion criteria were retrieved and eventually included in the study. Twelve different assay methods were identified with a noteworthy transition from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to the UCP-LF assay, a laboratory-based assay that may be applicable as a point-of-care (POC) diagnostic test for schistosomiasis. Reducing the time, cost, and dependence on specialized laboratory skills and equipment, especially relating to the trichloroacetic acid extraction step and centrifugation in the UCP-LF CAA assay may go a long way to aid its potential as a POC tool. We also propose the development of a CAA-specific aptamer (short protein/antigen-binding oligonucleotide) as a possible alternative to monoclonal antibodies in the assay. UCP-LF has great potential for POC application.

Keywords: UCP-LF; assay-methods; circulating-anodic-antigen; review; schistosomiasis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:
PRISMA study selection flow chart.
Figure 2:
Figure 2:
Research productivity on detection and quantification techniques of CAA reviewed.
Figure 3:
Figure 3:
Trend analysis of the analytical assay methods on detection/quantification of CAA.
Figure 4:
Figure 4:
UCP-LF assay schematic flow on detection and quantification of CAA.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Exum NG, Kibira SPS, Ssenyonga R. et al. The prevalence of schistosomiasis in Uganda: a nationally representative population estimate to inform control programs and water and sanitation interventions. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019;13:e0007617. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Casacuberta-Partal M, van Lieshout L, van Diepen A. et al. Excretion patterns of Schistosoma mansoni antigens CCA and CAA by adult male and female worms, using a mouse model and ex vivo parasite cultures. Parasitology 2022;149:306–13. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Nation CS, Da’dara AA, Marchant JK, Skelly PJ.. Schistosome migration in the definitive host. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020;14:e0007951. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Onohuean H, Akiyode AO, Akiyode O. et al. Epidemiology of neurodegenerative diseases in the East African region: a meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2022;13:1024004. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Onohuean H, Aigbogun EO, Igere BE.. Meta-synthesis and science mapping analysis of HIV/HPV co-infection: a global perspective with emphasis on Africa. Global Health 2022;18:1–20. - PMC - PubMed