Obesity Management in Children and Adolescents

Abstract

Obesity in the pediatric population is increasing in the United States and globally. Childhood obesity is associated with cardiometabolic and psychosocial comorbidities and decreased overall life span. The cause of pediatric obesity is multifactorial and includes genetic predisposition, lifestyle, behavioral patterns, and consequences of social determinants of health. Routine screening of BMI and comorbid conditions is essential to identifying patients who require treatment. The AAP recommends immediate Intensive Health Behavior and Lifestyle Treatment for children with obesity, encompassing lifestyle changes, behavioral changes, and mental health treatments. Pharmacologic interventions and metabolic and bariatric surgery are also available when indicated.

Keywords: Adjuvant obesity medication; Bariatric surgery; Comprehensive obesity care; Medical weight loss; Pediatric obesity; Weight management.