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. 2023 May 12:16:2973-2985.
doi: 10.2147/IDR.S400538. eCollection 2023.

Fractions 14 and 36K of Metabolite Extract Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus Have Antimalarial Activities Against Plasmodium berghei in vitro

Loeki Enggar Fitri #  1   2 , Agustina Tri Endharti  1 , Hafshah Yasmina Abidah #  3   4 , Alif Raudhah Husnul Khotimah #  3   4 , Heni Endrawati  1
Affiliations

Fractions 14 and 36K of Metabolite Extract Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus Have Antimalarial Activities Against Plasmodium berghei in vitro

Loeki Enggar Fitri et al. Infect Drug Resist. .

Abstract

Purpose: The study was conducted to investigate the effectivity and the cytotoxicity of fractions 14 and 36K of metabolite extract of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus as an antimalarial compounds against Plasmodium berghei in vitro.

Methods: Fractions 14 and 36K of metabolite extract of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus produced by the fractionation process utilizing the Flash Column Chromatography (FCC) BUCHI Reveleris® PREP. Plasmodium berghei culture was used to assess the antimalarial activity of fractions 14 and 36K. Parasite densities and the ability of parasite growth were determined under microscopic. The cytotoxicity of the fractions was assessed using MTT assays on the MCF-7 cell line.

Results: Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus fractions 14 and 36K have antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei, with fraction 14 having the more potent activity. The percentage of Plasmodium berghei-infected erythrocytes was decreased as well as the increase of fraction concentration. Fraction 14 has the highest inhibition of parasite growth at a concentration of 156,25 μg/mL, with an inhibition percentage of 67.73% (R2 = 0.953, p = 0.000). IC50 of fractions 14 and 36K were found at 10.63 μg/mL and 135,91 μg/mL, respectively. The fractions caused morphological damage in almost all asexual stages of the parasite. Both fractions were not toxic against MCF-7, indicating that the fractions have a safe active metabolite.

Conclusion: Fractions 14 and 36K of metabolite extract Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus contains non-toxic compounds that could damage the morphology and inhibit the growth of Plasmodium berghei in vitro.

Keywords: Plasmodium berghei; Streptomyces hygroscopicus; antimalarial; cytotoxicity; fraction 14 and 36K.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Figure 1
Figure 1
Morphological alteration of Plasmodium berghei after 48 hours incubation with fraction 14 and 36K S. hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus, consisted treatment and control group. (A-F) Fractions 14 and 36K of metabolite extract S. hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus 0.25 µg/ml (A), 1.25 µg/ml (B), 6.25 µg/ml (C), 31.25 µg/ml (D), and 156.25 µg/ml (E). F1-2 as the negative control. F3-4 as the positive control. Except F, (1-2) mean fraction 14, (3-4) mean fraction 36K. * Show a crisis form of P. berghei.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Antimalarial activity test of fractions 14 and 36K of metabolite extract S. hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus, against P. berghei after 48 hours. (A) Percentage of inhibition P. berghei growth. (B) Analysis of IC 50 of Fractions 14 (1) and 36K (2) using linear regression analysis of concentration logs and probit parasite inhibition. y = 0.486x - 0.498 with R2 = 0.971 is the equation for the fraction 14, while y = 0.570x – 1.217 with R2 = 0.743 is the equation for the fraction 36K.
Figure 3
Figure 3
A diagrammatic analysis of the cytotoxicity levels of fractions 14 and 36K of metabolite extract S. hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus shows that all concentration percentages of cell death were lower than 50%. The analysis compared to the negative control which is considered to have a value of zero percentage of cell death.
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