Conflict of interest: M. Mukherjee reports grants from Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canadian Asthma Allergy Immunology Foundation, COVID Immunity Task Force, Methapharm Specialty Pharmaceuticals and Sanofi Aventis, and personal fees from AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline and Novartis, outside the submitted work; and in addition, has a patent “Treatment strategy for non responders to 100 mg subcutaneous mepolizumab” issued. M. Kolb discloses relationships and activities with entities in the past 36 months, including research funding from Boehringer Ingelheim, United Therapeutics and Structure Therapeutics, and consulting fees from multiple entities including Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Horizon, Cipla, Abbvie, Bellerophon, Algernon, CSL Behring, United Therapeutics, LabCorp, Structure Therapeutics and CSL Behring; he has also received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, and educational events from Roche, Novartis and Boehringer Ingelheim, payment for expert testimony from Roche, and participated on advisory boards for United Therapeutics, LabCorp and Horizon; the author holds a leadership role as former chief editor for the ERJ, for which an allowance is received.