Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Apr 18;15(4):e37774.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.37774. eCollection 2023 Apr.

Blood Pressure Reducing Potential and Renoprotective Action of Cilnidipine Among Hypertensive Patients Suffering From Chronic Kidney Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Kusum Kumari  1 , Ritesh Sinha  2 , Mary S Toppo  1 , Priyanki Mishra  3 , Shadab Alam  1 , Lakhan Majhee  1
Affiliations
Review

Blood Pressure Reducing Potential and Renoprotective Action of Cilnidipine Among Hypertensive Patients Suffering From Chronic Kidney Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Kusum Kumari et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases which also causes progressive kidney damage leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD), so the rate of progression of CKD can be controlled by reducing blood pressure (BP). Many anti-hypertensive drugs are available. Cilnidipine is a new-generation calcium channel blocker (CCB). This meta-analysis is aimed to generate pooled evidence about the effectiveness of cilnidipine as an anti-hypertensive and to explore its reno-protective actions. Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched from January 2000 to December 2022 to include the studies. The pooled mean difference, along with 95% CI, was computed using Revman 5.4.1 software (Revman International, Inc., New York City, New York). The Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool was used for bias assessment. This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO with Reg. no. CRD42023395224. This meta-analysis included seven studies with 289 participants in the intervention group and 269 in the comparator group, and were selected from Japan, India, and Korea. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly reduced in cilnidipine treated group among hypertensives with CKD subjects weighted mean difference (WMD) was 4.33, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.26 to 7.31 as compared to the other group. Cilnidipine also shows a significant reduction in proteinuria with WMD 0.61 and 95% CI 0.42 to 0.80. Both groups were similar in adverse drug reactions (ADR). Cilnidipine is a more effective anti-hypertensive as compared to Amlodipine or other CCBs, mainly in reducing SBP. Besides this, cilnidipine also shows better reno-protective action because it also significantly reduces proteinuria in such patients.

Keywords: blood pressure; chronic kidney disease; cilnidipine; hypertension; proteinuria.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Study selection process using PRISMA guideline
PRISMA - Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Figure 2
Figure 2. Comparison of mean systolic blood pressure reduction
Figure 3
Figure 3. Comparison of decrease in proteinuria
Figure 4
Figure 4. Comparison of adverse drug reactions
Figure 5
Figure 5. Bias assessment table
Figure 6
Figure 6. Risk-of-bias assessment graph
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Management of hypertension in chronic kidney disease. Pugh D, Gallacher PJ, Dhaun N. Drugs. 2019;79:365–379. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wakar SS, Bonventre JV. Harrison's Principle of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill; 2022. Acute Kidney Injury.
    1. Hypertension in CKD: core curriculum 2019. Ku E, Lee BJ, Wei J, Weir MR. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019;74:120–131. - PubMed
    1. Nighttime hypertension in chronic kidney disease-are we in the dark without ambulatory blood pressure monitoring? Mayeda L, Rivara MB. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5:0. - PubMed
    1. Clinical Pharmacology of antihypertensive therapy for the treatment of hypertension in CKD. Sinha AD, Agarwal R. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019;14:757–764. - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources